Transportation in context

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Transportation in context

• Course content
• Evolution of transportation and the discipline
• (Scale of transportation)
• Legislation

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Course content
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Evolution of transportation (1)

• Transportation
• transport exists
• water, wind, air, gravity
• with usage
• demand for quality and certainty
• improvement of facilities
• roads, bridges, harbours, etc.

• South Africa
• Transport occurred before Diaz
• Ships- harbours- ports
• Rail
• First 1860
• 246 km in 1875,
• 5500 km in 1894,
• 22000 km in 1996
• A national function after Union

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Evolution of transportation (2)

• South Africa (cont)
• Road
• Cape Town to Johannesburg took 11 days in 1905
  To-day ?
• 40km of tarred road in 1925, 60000km of tarred
  road in 1996
• 20000 cars in 1928, 6,7 million in 1996
• A provincial and urban function after Union

• Public transport
• Horse drawn trams 1861
• Electrified trams 1896 - 1939
• Motor buses 1912-
• Trackless trams 1935 -1970s
• Air
• First flight 1909

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Evolution of transportation (3)
Pavement engineering
Traffic management
Geometric design
Road construction
Land use modeling
Traffic engineering
Knowledge of mathematics and statistics
Knowledge of materials
Knowledge of dynamics
Transportation planning
Transport demand management
Railway engineering
Rail geometry
Steel construction

• Railway
• operations

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Scale of transport (1)

• Expenditure
• National and Provincial roads
• R2,1 billion/annum
• Declining in real value

• Public transport National
• Rail
• Turnover R1,77 billion
• Subsidy R1,22 billion
• Bus
• Turnover R1,97 billion
• Subsidy R0,71 billion
• Total national public transport subsidy R2,1
  billion
• (Was for 1994/5/6 Closer to R 3billion now)

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Scale of transport (2)

• Road vehicle population (2001)
• Total 6,,92 million
• Cars 3,98 million
• Commercial vehicles 1,35 million
• Minibus-taxis 245 000
• Buses 26 000
• Gauteng accounts for 36,3
• Value of vehicles sold in 1996 was R24,94 billion

• Use of public transport
• National (MSA, 1998,61)
• Rail 443 mill pass/year
• Bus 416 mill pass/year
• Minibus-taxi 201,8 mill/y
• Urban modal split (1996)
• 36,5 motor car/cycle 21,8 minibus-taxi 21,6
  walking
• 11,1 bus and
• 2,2 rail
• (Car 50 of motorised trips)

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Scale of transport (3)

• Movement of goods
• Road 491 million tons
• Rail 175 million tons
• Harbours 139 million tons (Richards Bay 54,56)

• Air transport
• Nationally (2000/2001)
• 316 000 aircraft movements / year
• 14,9 million pass/year
• 412 000 tons of cargo / year
• Johannesburg International
• 135 000 aircraft movements / year
• 11 million passengers / year
• 377 000 tons / year
• 2,6 annual growth in cargo between 1985 and
  1993 Present growth ?

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Scale of transport (4)

• Road traffic safety (1998)
• 9 086 killed
• 21 265 seriously injured
• 512 000 vehicle collisions
• 8 279 fatal vehicle collisions
• R14 billion

• Collision rates
• 25 fatalities/100 000 population
• 171 fatalities/100 000 vehicles
• 8,95 fatalities/108 veh.km
• International comparison
• Difficult and incomplete
• wrt continent
• wrt population
• wrt GNP

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Transportation Legislation (1)

• Roads
• National Road Safety Act (9 of 1972)
• Urban Transport Act (74 of 1977 and (77 of 1990)
• Road Traffic Act (29 of 1989)
• Forthcoming Transport ActLegal Succession of
  SATS Act (9 of 1989)

• Other
• Physical Planning Act (103 of 1991)
• Town Planning Ordinance
• Environmental Conservation Act (43 of 1989)
• Development Facilitation Act (67 of 1995 to
  facilitate and speed up the implementation of RDP
  and projects related to land.
• Urban Transport Bill

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Transportation Legislation (2)

• White Paper On Transport
• Structure
• Vision
• Goals
• Policy Principles
• Transport Infrastructure
• Land Passenger Transport
• Land Freight Transport
• Civil Aviation
• Maritime Transport
• Road Traffic and Safety

• White Paper focus areas
• Reconstruction and Development
• Meeting basic needs
• Growing the economy
• Developing human resources
• Democratisation
• Satisfy transport user needs
• Improve safety, security, reliability, quality
  and speed
• Improve SAs global competitiveness
• Investment to satisfy social, economic and
  strategic criteria
• Achieve economic and environmental sustainability
• Integration modal, spatial, institutional and
  planning
• Intermodalism through all levels

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Transportation Legislation (3)

• National objectives for urban public transport
  are
• Expenditure on commuting lt10 of household
  disposable income (Stranded cannot afford to
  travel and most survival spend more than 10 of
  HDI)

• Journey length
• Distance lt40 km
• 30 of DOT subsisdised bus trips exceed target
• Time lt1hour
• 12 exceed target
• Walking time lt15 min
• 4 exceed target
• Public transport share
• Public transport 80 of motorised trips
• Currently 47

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Transportation Legislation (4)

• MOVING SOUTH AFRICA (MSA)
• Data driven long term strategy building on medium
  term white paper
• Role of transport
• Guarantor of national integration
• Enabling transport industry to serve customer
• Input to other industries
• Meet national economic and social (non-transport)
  goals

• Focus on customer
• Freight- two bulk corridors general freight
  Gauteng to Durban medium corridors.
  Dissatisfaction with service and price at ports
  and on rail
• Urban passenger - segments lack of affordable
  basic access ineffective PT increasing
  dependency on cars past land use patterns
• Rural transport- lack of integrated system and
  rural road prioritisation

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Transportation Legislation (5)
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Transportation Legislation (6)

• Strategies
• Urban passengers-
• densification of corridors and nodes to achieve
  economies of scale
• Optimise modal economies and service mix
• Improve competitiveness of firms
• The disadvantaged
• Rural passengers and tourists
• Special needs passengers

• Freight
• Build freight density along select corridors
• Economies of scale
• Improve competitiveness of firms
• Cross-cutting issues
• Integrated spheres of government
• Institutional and human capacity
• Low cost transport as a backbone

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Transportation Legislation (7)

• NLTTA (22 of 2000)
• PRINCIPLES
• Public transport services
• Affordable transport
• integration of modes
• cost-efficiency
• service quality
• optimal use of resources
• development of markets
• value to the customer
• least harmful impact on the environment
• Appropriate modes
• Meeting customer needs
• Subsidies for currently marginalized users and
  those who have poor access to social and economic
  activity

• Effective land transport system integrated
  planning, provision and regulation of
  infrastructure and services, effective law
  enforcement
• integrate the different modes of transport
• Safety and effective law enforcement
• Public transport must be given higher priority
  than private transport
• Scarce resources used optimally
• Promote economic, financial, technical and
  environmental sustainability
• Effectiveness and efficiency
• Co-ordination of institutional functions

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Transportation Legislation (8)

• PRINCIPLES (cont)
• Land transport functions integrated with land use
  and economic planning, and development,
  development of corridors, and densification and
  infilling, and transport planning must guide land
  use and development planning
• Needs of special categories of passengers
• Participation of all I and AP
• Compatible computerized land transport
  information systems
• Promote public transport
• User charging or cost recovery from direct users

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Transportation Legislation (9)

• NLTTA - EIGHT FRAMEWORKS, RECORD,PLANS

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Transportation Legislation (9)

• National land transport strategic framework
• National policy
• Integration of national, provincial and local
  land transport planning
• Mechanisms to resolve conflicts between land use
  and transport planning and between provinces and
  municipalities
• Strategies
• For freight transport
• For rail transport (long distance For passenger
  rail and commuter rail concessioning strategy)
• For national roads
• For cross-border transport
• To support tourism
• For land transport and the environment
• For land use restructuring
• For inter-provincial land transport
• For persons with disabilities
• National KPIs

•       

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Transportation Legislation (10)

• Provincial land transport frameworks
• Consistent with provinces vision , policy and
  objectives
• Changes in policies and strategies
• Summary (including costs) of transport projects
  and project segments in order of precedence
• Proper co-ordination between transport plans of
  the planning authorities
• Progress on transport authorities
• Detailed budget in respect of land transport,
  including financing sources
• Resolution of conflicts between provincial
  transport and land use planning
• Transport for learners and persons with
  disabilities
• Spatial plan for the province
• Road plan for the province
• Public transport strategy for the province
• Movement of hazardous goods
• Key performance indicators
• Long distance services strategy foo tourism
• Liaison mechanisms long distance services

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Transportation Legislation (11)

• Current public transport records
• All scheduled and unscheduled services
• all the facilities and infrastructure
• Updated annually
• Operating licenses (new, amendment, transfer,
  suspension, lapsing, withdrawal and cancellation
  )
• Operating licenses strategies
• Policies and strategies - .
• .Role of each public transport mode
• Preferred road-based mode or modes
• Circumstances for operating licenses
• Use of public transport facilities
• avoidance of wasteful competition
• Commercial service contracts for unsubsidized
  services
• Conditions to be imposed by the board in respect
  of operating licenses

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Transportation Legislation (12)

• Rationalisation plans
• Proposed changes in routes/ networks
• Proposed changes in to the passenger-carrying
  capacity
• Policy for structuring contracts or concessions
• Potential impact of rationalisation on the
  various transport modes
• Improvements for the benefit of passengers
• Obstacles to implementation

• Public transport plans
• Vision, goals and objectives for PT
• PT for learners and the disabled
• Modal integration
• Fare systems (fare structure, level and
  technology)
• Contracted services and the operating license
  strategy

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Transportation Legislation (12)

• Integrated transport plans
• Relevant integrated development planning and land
  development objectives
• Changes to land transport policies and strategies
  since the previous years 5-year plan
• List of projects and project segments in order of
  precedence (with cost)
• All modes and infrastructure, roads and
  commercial developments having an impact on land
  transport system and land transport access to
  airports and harbours

• Detailed budget and funding sources
• Public transport plan,
• Transport demand management
• Road and infrastructure provision, improvement
  and maintenance strategy
• Movement of hazardous goods strategy