Transportation Planning for Sustainable Cities

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• Transportation Planning for Sustainable Cities
• Lecture 10a CE 4710 2012
• Norman W. Garrick

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What is transportation for?
A good transportation system minimizes
unnecessary transportation
Lewis Mumford, The Highway and the City
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In other words A good transportation
system Provides more access with less mobility
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The Key Elements of Transportation Plan for
Sustainable City

• Uses broadly defined goals embracing economic,
  social and environmental outcomes
• Plans for desired outcomes, not continuation of
  past trends
• Develops solutions maximizing access, not
  mobility
• Gives priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner,
  more efficient mode of travel
• Provides choices through a diversity of modes to
  meet different needs and suit different contexts

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Mississippi Gulf CoastUnsustainable
Transportation Planning
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Biloxi 2004
Biloxi c2004Roads Slated for Expansion
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Biloxi 2025
Biloxi 2025With Road Expansion
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Gulfport 2004
Gulfport c2004Roads Slated for Expansion
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Gulfport 2025
Gulfport 2025With Road Expansion
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254 miles
254 miles of new roads For total cost
of 1,435,264,300
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How Do We Measure Success?

• Does the transportation system help to foster a
• safe, prosperous and healthy society?

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Growth in Population and Traffic
50
25
USA
0
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Growth in Population and Traffic
50
Mississippi
25
0
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Traffic Fatality in Mississippi

• Mississippi 2.9 million people
• 550 fatalities in 1970
• 900 fatalities in 2003
• Netherlands 15 million people
• 3200 fatalities in 1970
• 700 fatalities in 2003

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Traffic Fatalities per 100,000
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Mississippi
25
USA
15
Netherlands
6
2000
1970
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Auto Dependency in Mississippi

• Highest proportion driving to work 2nd
• Lowest transit use 3rd
• Lowest biking to work 1st
• Lowest walking to work 4th

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Model for Assessing Sustainable Transportation
Level 1 3 Domains
Environment
Society
Economy
Level 2 12 Elements (Goals)
Level 3 19 Indicators
Level 4 22 Variables
Each indicator is measured by one or more
variables
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Environmental Elements

1. Minimize consumption of renewable and
   non-renewable resources for transportation
2. Design transportation and place making systems to
   maximize land use efficiency
3. Minimize transportation and place making systems
   impact on ecological systems
4. Limit transportation related wastes and pollution

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Social Elements

1. Transportation system meets access needs in a way
   that is consistent with human health and safety
2. Planning and management of transportation system
   incorporates different levels of government and
   community input
3. Transportation and place making system
   facilitates social interaction and social equity
4. Transportation and place making system meets
   basic access needs of all individuals

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Economic Elements

1. Transportation is affordable for individuals
2. Transportation is efficient for movement of
   people and goods
3. Transportation is locally self-sufficient
4. Transportation does not contribute to economic
   vulnerability of society

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Economic Element - E09Transportation is
Affordable for Individuals

• E09 is based on Total Transportation Cost per
  Household
• Total Cost Cost of Operating and Owning
  Automobiles Transit Cost
• Total Transportation Cost was calculated as a
  of house hold income

Best
Dist. of Columbia 17.4
Alaska 22.1
New York 22.6
Connecticut 22.7
Massachusetts 22.8
Worst
Mississippi 44.2
Wyoming 38.2
Alabama 38.1
Montana 38.0
Kentucky 37.7
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Economic Element E10Efficient Movement of
People and Goods

• E10 is based on ratio of Growth in GDP to Growth
  in VMT over a 10 years period

Best
Oregon 6.7
Indiana 4.7
Dist. of Columbia 3.9
Massachusetts 3.8
South Dakota 3.4
Worst
Michigan 0.3
Mississippi 0.4
Alaska 0.5
Louisiana 0.7
Hawaii 0.7
Connecticut Ranked 19th, 23 Growth in GDP,
12 Growth in VMT
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Economic Element E11Transportation System is
Locally Self-Sufficient

• E11 is based on ratio of Funding for Highways
  and Transit that is from Federal Sources

Best
New York 12.5
Washington 13.4
Massachusetts 14.1
Virginia 14.1
California 15.1
Worst
Mississippi 45.4
Montana 40.8
Rhode Island 40.3
North Dakota 37.3
South Carolina 37.1
Connecticut Ranked 40th, 32.9 Federal
Sources
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Economic Element E12Transportation System Does
not Contribute to Economic Vulnerability

• E12 is based on
• Percent of State GDP Spent on Transportation
• Percentage of State GDP Spent on Petroleum for
  Transportation

Best
Dist. of Columbia 0.2
New York 1.1
Connecticut 1.4
Delaware 1.4
Rhode Island 1.5
Worst
Alaska 6.0
Mississippi 4.5
Montana 4.0
Wyoming 3.9
North Dakota 3.8
Percentage spent on transportation petroleum shown
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Putting It TogetherScorecard for Transportation
Economic Sustainability
Best
Dist. of Columbia 90
New York 75
Massachusetts 73
Oregon 65
Washington 65
Worst
Mississippi 7
Montana 21
Arkansas 28
Wyoming 29
South Carolina 29
Connecticut Ranked 16th, Score 55
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To what extent is transportation planning in
Mississippi and Kingston consistent with the
elements of sustainable transportation planning?

• Use broadly defined goals embracing economic,
  social and environmental outcomes
• Plan for desired outcomes, not continuation of
  past trends
• Develop solutions maximizing access, not mobility
• Give priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner,
  more efficient mode of travel
• Provide choices through a diversity of modes to
  meet different needs and suit different contexts

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Building Cities

• An essential challenge for building more
  effective cities is to get government back to the
  job of consciously designing them
• - Alexander Marshall