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Enhancing Social Accountability through Community Empowerment

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Views of the communities about the availability, adequacy, quality, and access ... The CRC study strengthened CSOs partnership with government, donors and communities; ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Enhancing Social Accountability through Community Empowerment


1
Enhancing Social Accountability through Community
Empowerment
  • A Pilot Citizen Report Card (CRC) in Ethiopia
  • by
  • Eshetu Bekele
  • Executive Director, PANE
  • June 2008

2
1. What is a Citizen Report Card?
  • A simple but powerful tool to provide public
    agencies with feedback from their users, using a
    random sample and survey
  • A voice for citizens to express their
    satisfaction or dissatisfaction in simple and
    unambiguous terms
  • Views of the communities about the availability,
    adequacy, quality, and access to basic public
    services.

3
2. Why use a Citizen Report Card?
  • Gives detailed information, not just measures of
    satisfaction or approval
  • Is credible and trusted, thanks to its
    methodology for sampling and analysis
  • Can be used to reach informed policy decisions
    and reexamine conclusions from other analytical
    studies.

4
3. The Pilot CRC in Ethiopia
  • A part of the countrys approach to the
    Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
  • Fits well within the framework of Sustainable
    Development and Poverty Reduction Programs
    (SDPRP/PASDEP).
  • Designed and implemented by PANE and its local
    member groups.

5
4. Methodological stages
  • 1. Assessment of the fit of CRC in the Ethiopian
    context
  • 2.Selection of variables through Focus Group
    Discussions.
  • 3. Design of the survey.
  • 4. Sampling.
  • 5. Training of trainers (supervisors
    enumerators).
  • 6. Execution of the field survey.
  • 7. Conduction of a process audit.
  • 8. Data entry (using SPSS).
  • 9. Analysis and interpretation of findings.
  • 10. Drafting of the report.

6
5. The Sample
  • Oromiya, Tigray, and SNNPR surveyed among rural
    areas Dire Dawa surveyed among urban areas.
  • 3,900 households surveyed in total.
  • Woredas classified as either remote or non-remote
    from regional centers, and subsequently selected
    randomly from each category.
  • The study covered 4 priority sectors
    Agricultural extension primary education health
    sanitation and drinking water services.

7
6. Some demographic findings
  • For all regions, the greatest proportion of
    people who have never attended school is found
    for those above the age of 60.
  • In Dire Dawa the incidence of marriage is lower,
    but that of divorce is higher than in the rural
    regions.
  • With regard to employment, women are most often
    engaged in household chores, while men are
    engaged in agriculture.
  • Among public services, government primary schools
    are the most widely available (more than 80),
    while government health facilities are the least
    available (less than 20).

8
7. Findings on Drinking Water
  • Nearly three-fourths of rural Ethiopians depend
    on non-potable water sources.
  • Roughly half of those in both rural and urban
    areas report water scarcity.
  • Satisfaction scores for public water sources are
    high in terms of both adequacy and quality.
  • 62 percent or rural respondents reported
    willingness to pay more for better drinking water
    services.

9
Rates of Complete Satisfaction with Water Supply
Adequacy and Quality(in percent, rural total)
Note Numbers of observations are low in the
case of boreholes, water vendors, and in-house
taps.
10
Policy Pointers for Drinking Water
  • Lack of access to protected water supply sources,
    as well as the safety of unprotected sources,
    must be improved.
  • Specific programs must be developed to support
    users during times of water scarcity.
  • Regional disparities in access to and reliability
    of water supply must be addressed.
  • Policymakers must analyze carefully respondents
    willingness to pay more for better drinking water
    services.

11
8. Findings on Health Sanitation
  • 84 percent of rural children have been
    vaccinated.
  • Less than one-third of rural respondents use
    toilets, with custom of not using a toilet the
    most frequently cited reason.
  • More than one-third of rural respondents travel a
    distance greater than ten miles to reach a health
    facility.
  • Most rural respondents believe both health and
    sanitation services have improved over the last
    two years.

12
Rates of Complete Satisfaction with Health
Sanitation Services(in percent)
13
Policy Pointers for Health Sanitation
  • The remoteness of health facilities must be
    addressed.
  • Reports on the unavailability of drugs and the
    wide variation in cost begs a review of existing
    drug policies.
  • Awareness campaigns on safe sanitation practices
    must be stepped up, and existing systems must be
    improved.

14
9. Findings on Education
  • Less than one-third of rural students report the
    availability of drinking water in school.
  • The cost of education varies across regions.
  • More than one-third of parents pay extra amounts
    to various school authorities 17 percent of
    these payments were demanded.
  • Community involvement in school management is
    high, although few parents reported membership in
    parent-teacher committees.

15
Rates of Complete Satisfaction with Educational
Servicesin percent)
16
Policy Pointers for Education
  • Essential infrastructure in schools and ensuring
    safe drinking water must be improved.
  • The wide variation in the amount of monthly fees
    paid to government schools indicates a need to
    reexamine existing policies.
  • Low membership in parent-teacher committees need
    to be examined, and alternative forums considered.

17
10. Findings on Agriculture Extension Services
  • Roughly one-fifth of farmers have borrowed money
    for agriculture and related activities.
  • Formal marketing support is largely absent.
  • More than half of farmers reported the loss of
    crops and cattle.

18
Rates of Satisfaction with the Quality of
Agriculture Extension Services(in percent)
19
Policy Pointers for Agriculture Extension Services
  • Given the critical nature of agriculture in
    Ethiopia, the expansion of the network of agents
    should be considered.
  • The present level of support for marketing and
    access to credit facilities is a concern.
  • The high proportion of farmers reporting the loss
    of crops and cattle points to a need to introduce
    insurance schemes.

20
The Final Scorecardby sector, rural regions only
21
11. Conclusions and Lessons
  • The PRSP process has brought an added opportunity
    for CSOs in Ethiopia
  • CRC has enhanced SA in Ethiopia
  • The CRC study strengthened CSOs partnership with
    government, donors and communities
  • The CRC process has also empowered and
    strengthened PANE other CSOs, by developing
    confidence and capacity to conduct the CRCs

22
Contd
  • The CRC is also found to be very useful in the
    PRSP process (planning, implementation ME)
  • Used as an input to the SDPRP/PASDEP (Ethiopian
    PRSP)
  • Helped the process of citizens community groups
    empowerment and also enhanced social
    accountability,
  • CRCs helped in creating capacities of communities
    by facilitating discussions among themselves and
    service providing agencies

23
THANK YOU!
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