Eastman

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Eastman Gasification Overview Clean Coal
Technology Council July 28, 2004 Presented By
Bill Trapp Eastman Gasification Services Company
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Gasification 101
Just the Basics
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Gasification Basics Slurry Prep
Coal/Coke
Water
Coal Slurry 55 - 70 Solids
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Gasification Basics Air Separation
Oxygen
Oxygen feed to gasifier 95 to 99 purity
Nitrogen
Cryogenic distillation -180 Deg C
ASU
Argon
Compressor
Air
Co-production of N2 and Ar for liquid sales, NOx
control, general inerting
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Gasification Basics - Gasification

• Extreme Conditions
• Up to 1,000 psig or more
• Nominal 2,600 Deg F
• Corrosive slag and H2S gas

Oxygen
Coal/Coke Slurry
Products (syngas) CO (Carbon Monoxide) H2
(Hydrogen) CO/H2 ratio can be adjusted By-produc
ts H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) CO2 (Carbon
Dioxide) Slag (Minerals from coal)
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Gasification Basics Gas Cooling
Steam
Hot Syngas
Steam Turbine or process heating
Cool Syngas
BFW
Water/Gas Separator
Water, recycled
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Gasification Basics Gas Clean-up
Acid Gas (Sulfur) Removal Technology Choices

• MDEA (methyldiethanolamine) chemical absorbent,
  98 removal, large CO2 slip, moderate
  temperature, lowest capital cost
• Selexol tm (primarily dimethyl ethers of
  polyethylene glycol DEPE) 99 removal,
  moderate CO2 slip, moderate cost (20 M)
• Rectisol tm (methanol) - 99.9 removal, complete
  CO2 removal, cold temperatures, highest cost
  (40 M), needed for most chemicals, H2, and
  fuels applications

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Gasification Basics
CO H2 H2S CO2
Gasification
Vitrified Slag
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So what can you do with CO and H2 ?
Syngas
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Eastman Chemicals from Coal The Big Picture
Acetic Anhydride Acetic Acid
Coal
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History of Gasification at Eastman

• Prior to Coal Gas, all acetyl chemicals made from
  petroleum
• Start-up of complex in 1983 (1/2 of acetyl
  demand)
• Expansion of downstream plants 1991, (100 of
  acetyl demand)
• Debottlenecking - 1991 to Present Approx.
  1240 Tons/Day of Coal converted to
  Higher Value Chemicals (Ac2O, HOAc)

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Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
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Gasification For Electric Power Generation
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What is IGCC
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Most US Power plants in last 15 years have been
Natural Gas Combined Cycle plants (NGCC)
Natural Gas
Electricity
Steam Turbine
Air
HRSG
Combustion Turbine
Electricity
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What is IGCC
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Air Separation Unit
Flexibility for CO2 Sequestration (Concentrated
Stream)
Coal
Low Temp Gas Cooling
Hg Removal
Slurry

O2
Shift Rx (option)
CO/H2
H2O
Acid Gas Removal
Particulate Scrubber
Sulfur Recovery Claus/Scot
Sulfur Recovery Claus/Scot
Electricity
Texaco "Quench" Gasifier
Steam Turbine
Air
Fines/Char
HRSG
PRE-COMBUSTION Treatment of Pollutants

• High pressure
• Low Volume
• Concentrated stream
• (easier to treat)

Combustion Turbine
Electricity
Compressed Air to ASU
Slag/Frit
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Polygeneration Potential of Gasification
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Coal/Petcoke
Power Steam
Town gas
Gasification
Fischer-Tropsch Liquids
Naphtha
Ammonia Urea
H2
Waxes
Synthesis Gas
FT Diesel
Car Fuel
Dimethyl Ether
Methanol
Ethylene Propylene
Methyl acetate
Acetic Acid
Acetate Esters
VAM
Ketene
Oxo Chemicals
Diketene Derivatives
PVA
Acetic Anhydride
Polyolefins
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Reliability is a key concern of the industry
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How Important is Reliability
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Operating Statistics Three-Year Cycle (2001 -
2003) including planned shutdown
On-Stream 98.2
Unplanned 1.02
Not Needed 0.0
Planned 0.78
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Eastman Operating Statistics
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Eastman Operating Statistics
Annual loading factor 127
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Continual Improvement It's a Cultural Thing!
122-Day Run Record
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Eastman Gasification Services Building on Past
Success

• Service Offerings
• Operations maintenance contracts
• Technical services
• Critical spare parts fabrication
• Specific technology licensing
• Cooperative services agreement with ChevronTexaco

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Why Gasification?

• It is the cleanest coal technology
• Inherently lower SOX , NOX , and PM
• Lowest collateral solid wastes and wastewater
• Potential for lowest cost removal of mercury
• Cheapest route to CO2 sequestration
• It provides great promise for the future
• Flexible feedstocks, process options, and
  products
• Opens new markets for coal (synfuels, chemicals,
  fertilizers)
• It provides the only feasible bridge from coal to
  hydrogen (directly converts coal to hydrogen)

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What you should be worried about
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IGCC Upside Potential

• Mercury Removal
• CO2 Sequestration
• (at fraction of cost for PC)

Basis ChevronTexaco White Paper (3/03), DOE
Report (5/99), and Recent EPA Permit Data
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Vapor-Phase Mercury Removal
Demonstrated for 20 years at Eastman !
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DOE Report "Major Environmental Aspects of
Gasification-Based Power Generation
Technologies", December 2002