What is phonemic awareness

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What is phonemic awareness?
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Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear,
identify, and manipulate individual sounds or
phonemes in spoken words.
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What is phonics?
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Phonics is the understanding that there is a
predictable relationship between phonemes and
graphemes, the letters that represent those
sounds in written language.
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What is phonological awareness?
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Phonological awareness is identifying and
manipulating the individual sounds in words and
is broader than phonemic awareness.
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Phonological awareness includes identifying and
making oral rhymes identifying and working with
syllables, identifying and working with onsets
and rimes and identifying and working with
individual phonemes in spoken words.
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What is a phoneme?
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A phoneme is the smallest part of spoken
language. There are 41 phonemes in the English
language.
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What is a grapheme?
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A grapheme is the smallest part of written
language that represents a phoneme in the
spelling of a word (b, th, igh).
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What is a syllable?
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A syllable is a word part that contains a vowel-
or in a spoken word, a vowel sound.
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What are onsets and rimes?
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An onset is the initial consonant sound of a
syllable. A rime is the part of the syllable
that contains the vowel and all that follows it.
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What is phoneme isolation?
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Phoneme isolation is recognition of individual
sounds in a word.
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What is phoneme identity?
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Phoneme identity is recognition of the same sound
in different words.
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What is phoneme categorization?
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Phoneme categorization is identifying a word that
does not belong with others, or the odd sound.
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What is phoneme blending?
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Phoneme blending is listening to separately
spoken phonemes and then combining the phonemes
to form a word.
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What is phoneme segmentation?
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Phoneme segmentation is breaking a word into
separate sounds and saying each sound as it is
tapped or counted out.
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What is phoneme deletion?
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Phoneme deletion is recognizing the word that
remains when a phoneme is removed from another
word.
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What is phoneme addition?
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Phoneme addition is making a new word by adding a
phoneme to an existing word.
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What is phoneme substitution?
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Phoneme substitution is substituting one phoneme
for another to make a new word.
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Phonemic Awareness

• Improves comprehension
• Helps children learn to spell
• Letter names and shapes need to be taught along
  with phonemic awareness

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Phonemic Awareness

• Is most effective when it focuses on one or two
  types of phonemes manipulation
• Should take about 20 hours of instruction
• Is effective in small group instruction

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Supporting Phonemic Awareness Development in the
Classroomby Yopp Yopp

• Phonemic Awareness
• Metalinguistic Awareness
• Phonological Awareness
• Alphabetic Awareness

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Supporting Phonemic Awareness Development in the
Classroomby Yopp Yopp

• What does phonemic awareness instruction look
  like?
• Its deliberate and purposeful
• Its only one part of a broader program
• Sequence is important
• Consider task difficulty
• Use cues
• How much time?
• Provide a linguistically rich environment
• Use childrens literature, music, and games

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Supporting Phonemic Awareness Development in the
Classroomby Yopp Yopp

• Examples

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Using the same language p. 155

• Consonant clusters- two or more consonants
  pronounced rapidly together (bl, br, sk, str)
• Digraphs- two consonants that represent only one
  sound (ch, wh, gh)
• Vowel digraphs- two vowels, only one is sounded
  (ai, ea, ee, oa)
• Dipthongs- two vowels that make a new sound
  composed of the vowel plus a glide (ow, oi, oy,
  ou)
• Consonant controlled vowel -the sound of the
  vowel is distorted by the following consonant
  sound so the vowel is neither long nor short
  (fir, far, call)
• Schwa-
• Long, short, and dotted vowels
• Multiples, phonograms

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A tool kitWhat should I be equipped with?