READING Phonemic Awareness Word Recognition Comprehension

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READINGPhonemic AwarenessWord
RecognitionComprehension

• Hope M. Koppers

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Reading is a complex and intentional activity
involving the eyes, brain and mind.

• Phonemic Awareness
• Word Recognition
• Comprehension

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PHONEMIC AWARENESS

• The ability to identify manipulate sounds.
• most important factor in learning reading
• greater predictor of success than I. Q.
• phonemic awareness level in kindergarten can
  predict levels of achievement up to 10 years later

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Components

• Sound comparison
• Phoneme segmentation
• Phonemic blending

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Sound Comparison

• Rhyming
• Comparison of beginnings ending

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Rhyming

• Songs
• Nursery Rhymes
• Riddles
• Books
• Visuals

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Book Hungry Thing
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Comparison

• Initial consonant
• Final consonant

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Segmentation

• Counting
• Pronouncing
• Deleting
• Adding
• Changing

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Stretching Elkonin Method
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Stretching Hopes Method
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Phonemic Blending

• One Skill Only
• Teacher says separate sounds and students put
  sounds together to identify word.

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WORD RECOGNITION

• The speed and accuracy in decoding and
  recognition of words are significant factors in
  improved reading comprehension.
• Phonetic decoding
• High Frequency Words

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Reading material changes as children enter higher
grades.
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Phonetic Decoding

• Synthetic
• r - e - d
• k - n -o w ?

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• Analytic
• - pronounceable word-parts
• - building words

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Other Methods

• Analogy or Compare Contrast
• Structural Analysis

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DISSECT

• Discover the Context
• Isolate the Prefix
• Separate the Suffix
• Say the Stem
• Examine the Stem

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• trans at/lan/ tic
• al ter/na/ tor

• Rules of 2s and 3s
• starts with vowel
• separate first 2 letters and read, continue
• starts with consonant
• separate first 3 letters,
• read, continue

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• 6. Check
• 7. Try Dictionary

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Context Clues

• I saw a cow at the farm.
• I saw a cow at the farm.
• I saw a cow at the farm.

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High Frequency Words

• Lacks meaning
• Confused with other words
• Spelling often not a clue

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Methods for Teaching

• Word Wall Words

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Word Association
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VAKT (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile)

• Find word in dictionary.
• Teacher writes word on paper, saying syllables,
• and traces word, saying syllables.
• Student traces, saying syllables. Repeat.
• Writes from memory.
• Compares with teachers.
• Word filed in box.

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THE THREE PS

• When reading with a child, a method called The
  Three Ps is suggested for helping.
• P - pause
• P - prompt
• P - praise

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COMPREHENSION

• Understand the meaning of text
• Makes sense of the information

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Strategy Instruction

• Teacher
• Explains strategy
• Demonstrates how to apply strategy
• Think aloud to model mental process used when
  reading
• Guided practice

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General Comprehension Methods

• Connections
• Making predictions
• Monitoring understanding
• Visualizing
• Questioning
• Retelling/Summarizes

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Connections

• Connections to self, other text, to world
• Connections to characters
• New knowledge is constructed on basis of
  knowledge student already has.

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Connection to Text
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Connection to Characters
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Methods of Connections

• Web
• Preview
• KWL Chart

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Making Predictions

• Use prior knowledge and information to make
  logical guesses.
• Revise predictions as they read.

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Methods of Making Predictions

• KWL
• Preview
• DRTA (Directed Reading-Thinking Activity)

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• McMillan Equation

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Monitoring Understanding

• Ability of reader to recognize when comprehension
  is breaking down and being able to fix it.

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Methods of Monitoring Understanding

• Mark points in text that are confusing and
  reread.
• Determine interference and read ahead.
• Check Line
• HUH?

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• McMillans

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Questioning

• Questions are produced by reader as they read.
• Methods
• Ask about who, what, where, content problems
• QAR (Question/Answer Relationship)
• ERT (Everyone Read to)

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Visualization/Imaging

• Reader creates a picture in mind to prompt
  understanding, recall and appreciation.
• Imaging includes visual, auditory, or other
  senses.

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• Draw Picture
• McMillan Chart

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Retelling/Summarizing

• Readers identify main ideas and details of
  selections. Summary is main idea.
• Prompts
• - Pretend I never heard the story. Tell
  me it.
• - Tell me what you learned from reading.

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Retelling with Props
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Inference

• Reader reads between the lines.
• Makes a judgment, discovers a theme, makes
  discoveries without direct comment from the
  writer.
• Takes clues from the text.

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Other Methods

• DRA (Directed Reading Activity)
• DR-TA (Directed Reading-Thinking Activity)
• SQ3R
• Cloze
• Graphic Organizer

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Sometimes you have to put the science of reading
on the side to enjoy the art of reading.