Framework for Education

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Framework for Education

• An introduction to Jean Piaget Erik Erikson

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Jean Piaget 1896 - 1960

• Developmental Psychologist he was concerned
  with the way in which humans learn and the stages
  involved in the learning process
• Using the test results from childrens work he
  found patterns in their answers ( working with
  school age children)
• Children at the same age got the same questions
  wrong but also gave the same wrong answers

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• Piaget did tests at different ages to see how
  well individual children could reason
• He concluded the ability to learn and apply logic
  was related to their age
• Piaget believed that the differences in
  childrens capacity to learn and reason could be
  measured
• Piaget developed learning stages from infancy to
  adulthood
• Piaget believed all healthy children experienced
  these stages at the same time, in the same order
  and at roughly the same time
• This was regardless of family structure or
  culture

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• Four Stages of Learning
• Stage 1 Sensory-Motor period (birth to 2 yrs)
• Stage 2 Pre-operational thought period
  ( 2 to 7 yrs)
• Stage 3 Concrete operational thought
  ( 7 11 yrs)
• Stage 4 Formal Operational thought ( 11 yrs)
• Piaget would be considered a cognitive
  psychologist

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Stage 1 Sensory-Motor period (birth to 2
yrs)

• During this sensory- motor period children do not
  think instead they sense things
• Touch and feel are the most significant,
  constantly putting things in their mouth
• Piagets experiments led him to believe that
  children in this stage are egocentric
• Children see themselves as the center of
  everything and believe everyone sees exactly what
  they see
• They cannot understand a situation that may look
  different to other people

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Stage 2 Pre-operational thought period ( 2 to
7 yrs)

• Children understand symbols and numbers, they can
  understand the concept of two cookies or building
  blocks without seeing them
• Meaning of simple words such as dog, cat, car
  (and sounds they make) without seeing them
• Can grasp past and future
• Ask why

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Stage 3 Concrete operational thought ( 7 11
yrs)

• Developed sense of logic, they know the number of
  marbles on a desk, despite the pattern (about age
  six)
• Can understand concepts of area and mass (around
  7 10)
• By 11 understand the ideas of volume and are
  working towards mastering measurements and set
  relationships (ie. Odd/even numbers )

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Stage 4 Formal Operational thought ( 11 yrs)

• Ability to reason abstractly has developed
• Understand the concept of space and know that
  objects on a table look different from different
  angles to different people
• Can refer to objects on your right hand side
  which is their left side
• With a more organized thought process they can
  deal with more complex logic problems
• Able to see how the other child may have been
  right and they may have been wrong
• Greater understanding of rights and opinions of
  others
• Able to reason at a more sophisticated level

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Erik Erikson 1902 - 1994

• Erikson was particularly interested in human
  development
• He focused his work on the individual and the way
  he/she relates to society
• He invented the term Identity Crisis to
  describe the conflict within us as we struggle to
  achieve our unique identity
• All individuals would struggle to develop their
  identities and would suffer from an identity
  crisis as they did

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• Erikson is famous for his theory Eight stages of
  human development
• According to his theory a normal human life (from
  infancy to old age) must resolve the a conflict
  of wants and expectations
• How well each individual deals with the conflict
  at each level would determine their readiness to
  move onto the next level
• The individual who has not resolved these
  conflicts will look back at life with a sense of
  lost opportunities therefore they may not
  develop a complete character

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Agents of Socialization

• A variety of agents have an impact on the
  socialization process of each individual
• The degree of impact of each agent depends on the
  unique situations, experiences and stage of an
  individuals life
• Successes and failures have a major impact on the
  development of personality
• The conflicts involve the inner struggle (psycho)
  of the person as they encounter situations and
  interactions with people in the real world
  (social)
• We do not completely control our own destiny and
  society is responsible for the individuals it
  produces

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Eriksons eight stages of development
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Stages of Psycho-Social Development
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