OLIVE DRIVE STUDENT HOUSING

1
ECOLOGICAL BUILDING
Local Public Health the Built Environment CA
Department of Public Health APRIL 17, 2008
By David Mogavero Mogavero Notestine Associates
2
Ecological building enhances our ability to do a
better job at the most essential reasons to build.

• Make people comfortable
• Support human endeavors
• Connect people with the spirit of life
• Nurture creativity
• Support positive interactions between people,
  their community and their involvement

3
Well-designed buildings balance the need to
protect from and connect with the environment.
Absenteeism was reduced by 33 for SMUD employees
at the Customer Service Center
4
Eco building celebrates the planet, the solar
system, the universe.
5
The mechanics of ecological building

• Minimize energy use
• Control and purify water pollutants/conserve
  water
• Minimize long term obsolescence
• Materials that minimize eco impact
• Use low toxicity materials

• Location, transport, access
• 2. Reuse of existing buildings
• Minimize demolition
• Optimize productivity
• Optimize choices for connectivity and privacy

6
1. Location, Access, Transport
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
The vast majority of building resource
consumption and pollution generation is the
result of the transportation requirements it
creates.
7
GLOBAL WARMING AND MOST OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS CANNOT BE SOLVEDWITHOUT ENDING URBAN
SPRAWL

• Transportation and building consumes the majority
  of global material resources
• Transportation and electric power generate 63 of
  GHG in California

8
(No Transcript)
9
IT IS POSSIBLE FOR URBAN GROWTH TO BE EXCLUSIVELY
INFILL DEVELOPMENT

• London has decided to stop all horizontal growth
  despite a continuing huge influx of immigrants.
  All new development will be vertical.
• The Sacramento Area Council of Governments
  determined that Sacramento County could absorb 20
  years of growth using a small fraction of land on
  existing retail corridors at modest densities.

10

• ELIMINATION OF AUTO TRIPS THROUGH SMART URBAN
  FORM IS THE CHEAPEST AND HEALTHIEST LONG-TERM
  STRATEGY TO REDUCE GHG
• INFILL IS DIFFICULT POLITICALLY AND OFTEN
  MISUNDERSTOOD
• INFILL DEVELOPMENT SHOULD ONLY OCCUR IN SELECTIVE
  LOCATIONS WITHIN COMMUNITIES

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
1. Location, Access, Transport

• BUILD AT TRANSIT
• MIX USES IN THE SAME PLACE
• BUILD AS DENSE AS THE MARKET ALLOWS
• MINIMIZE AUTO PARKING

16
2. Reuse Existing Buildings
3. Minimize Demolition
When reusing an existing building minimize the
amount of demolished and reuse existing materials
on site.
17
4. Optimize Productivity

• HEALTHFULNESS
• CONNECTION WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
• CONTROL

18

• Optimize Choices for Connectivity
• Privacy

19
6. Minimize Energy Use
ENERGY BASICS

• THERMAL COMFORT
• SITING SITE
• BUILDING ORIENTATION GEOMETRY
• ENVELOPE
• EQUIPMENT, HVAC
• NATURAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
• CASE STUDIES

20
6. Minimize Energy Use
THERMAL COMFORT

• THERMAL ENVIRONMENT FACTOR
• RADIATION
• AIR MOVEMENT
• HUMIDITY
• METABOLIC RATE/ACTIVITY LEVEL
• CLOTHING
• TYPICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL HEAT EXCHANGE PROPORTIONS
• RADIATION 40
• CONVECTION 40
• EVAPORATION 20

21
6. Minimize Energy Use
SITING AND SITE

• LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
• (affordable communities, transport and
  infrastructure)
• MAXIMIZE DENSITY
• MINIMIZE PARKING
• MINIMIZE PAVING
• SHADE PAVING AND BUILDING
• TREES FOR BUILDING SHADING
• DECIDUOUS ON SOUTH,
• EVERGREEN EAST AND WEST

22
6. Minimize Energy Use
BUILDING ORIENTATION AND GEOMETRY

• SEASONAL SUN ANGLE VARIATION SOUTH, EAST/WEST)
• MAXIMIZE COMMON WALLS
• DESIGN FOR COOLING
• EAST/WEST IS BEST FOR MUCH OF
• CALIFORNIA (ELIMINATE AC, UTILITY PEAKS)
  CONTROLABILITY
• REVERSIBLE BUILDINGS
• DESIGN SITE AND BUILDINGS TOGETHER
• SLOPE ROOF FOR SOLAR PANEL RETROFIT

23
6. Minimize Energy Use
MITIGATE EAST WEST EXPOSURES

• RECESSED WINDOWS
• WINDOWS OFF BALCONIES
• VARIABLE TRANSMISSIVITY GLASS
• AWNINGS

24
6. Minimize Energy Use
ENVELOPE

• CONSERVATON FIRST MOST
• COST-EFFECTIVE
• HIGH R-VALUE FOR WALLS AND ROOF/ CEILING (2X6
  WALLS IN RESIDENTIAL)
• INFILTRATION TITLE 24 OK EXCEPT IN MOUNTAINS
• ATTIC VENTILIATION
• EXCEED CODE BY ATLEAST 100
• POWER ASSIST IF COMPLEX

25
6. Minimize Energy Use
NATURAL SOLAR SPACE HEATING

• MANY GEOMETRIES
• THERMAL MASS AND THE SUN
• COLLECTION OPTIONS
• DIRECT GAIN, INDIRECT, TROMBE WALLS, DOUBLE
• ENVELOPE
• MASS OPTIONS WATER, MASONRY, CONCRETE, TILE

26
6. Minimize Energy Use
NATURAL COOLING

• GET PEOPLE OUTSIDE PORCHES, PRIVATE OPEN SPACE
• VENTILATION
• NIGHT VENTILATION
• NIGHT VENTED THERMAL MASS THIN AND EVENLY
  DISTRIBUTED
• T24 COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS INCLUDE PASSIVE SYSTEM
  MODELING

27
6. Minimize Energy Use
EQUIPMENT

• EFFICIENT HVAC
• INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE FOR INLAND CLIMATES
• SOLAR DHW
• ENERGY STAR APPLIANCES
• FLOURESCENT LIGHTING
• PRIVATE METERING
• PHOTOVOLTAICS
• EFFICIENT CENTRAL PLANS
• PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRIC GENERATION
• (wind electric generation is a problematic
  technology)

28

• Control Purify Water
• Pollutants/Conserve Water

29
8. Minimize Long Term Obsolescence

• DESIGN BUIDINGS TO ACCOMMODATE CHANGING
  NEEDS IN THE FUTURE

GSUL has been designed to work for offices or
teaching space
30

• Use Materials that Minimize
• Eco Impact

• MINIMIZE IMPACT FOR MINING AND HARVESTING
• MINIMIZE TOXIC BI-PRODUCTS FROM MANUFACTURING
• MINIMIZE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MANUFACTURING
• MINIMIZE WASTE FROM MANUFACTURING
• MAXIMIZE THE USE OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
• MINIMIZE TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
• AGE GRACEFULLY AND MINIMIZE MAINTENANCE AND
  REPLACEMENT

31
10. Use Low Toxicity Materials
32
CASE STUDY
UC DAVIS SEGUNDO DORMITORIES

• 37 BELOW TITLE 24
• DENSE BUILDING GEOMETRY
• EAST/WEST MASSING
• DEEP SET EAST/WEST WINDOWS
• FIXED SOUTH WINDOW SHADES
• WATER LOOP FAN COILS
• VARIABLE SPEED BLOWERS
• AND PUMPS
• NIGHT VENTILATION
• ZONED WATER LOOP
• TIGHT ENVELOPE
• VARIABLE TRANSMISSIVITY
• GLASS

33
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
SMUD CUSTOMER SERVICE CENTER

• DAYLIGHT
• INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING
• PHOTOVOLTAICS
• NATURAL GRAVITY VENTILATION
• RADIANT HEATING
• DIMMABLE LIGHTING
• MINIMUM PARKING AND PAVEMENT
• EAST-WEST BUILDING ORIENTATION

34
CASE STUDY
2120 I STREET

• DENSE URBAN LOCATION
• PASSIVE HEATING AND COOLING
• PLASTER THERMAL MASS
• NIGHT VENTILATION

35
CASE STUDY
PARATRANSIT
36
CASE STUDY
GREATER SACRAMENTO URBAN LEAGUE

• DAYLIGHT
• INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING
• PHOTOVOLTAICS
• NATURAL GRAVITY VENTILATION
• RADIANT HEATING
• DIMMABLE LIGHTING
• MINIMUM PARKING AND PAVEMENT
• EAST-WEST BUILDING ORIENTATION

37
CORDOVA CITY CENTER
38
CORDOVA CITY CENTER
39
CORDOVA CITY CENTER
40
LIBRARY LOFTS
41
CSUS FACULTY VILLAGE
42
CSUS FACULTY VILLAGE
43
CSUS FACULTY VILLAGE
44
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR VALLEY GROWTH

• LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
• (focus of growth on infill)
• MAKE DEVELOPMENT FEES EQUITABLE
• (eliminate sprawl subsidies)
• FUND TRANSIT AT EVEN SMALLEST SCALE
• FOCUS GROWTH ON TRANSIT
• MAXIMIZE DENSITY
• FOCUS ON ACCESS NOT MOBILITY
• MIXED USES

45
WHY IS SPRAWL A PROBLEM?.THE USUAL REASONS

• Provide healthy, stable neighborhoods
• Global warming
• Reduce resource consumption
• Reduce environmental pollution
• Preserve open space (ag wild)
• Maximize the efficiency of infrastructure
  (government private)
• Enhance our overall quality of life

46
WHY DO WE CARE?.LESS OFTEN HEARD REASONS

• Affordable communitiesnot just housing
• cost of government
• transport cost for family 12 to 27 in 30
  years
• NPV of car versus home cost
• wealth building auto versus home
• local economies and automobiles
• International competition for workerslower cost
  of living

47
WHY DO WE CARE?.LESS OFTEN HEARD REASONS

• Economic crisis from increased oil cost
• WSJ, National Geographic, Economist all say
  imminent
• Doubling of household without cars in 10 years
• Availability of a car to get to work is a top
  problem for families transferring off of public
  assistance
• Joyfulness of green buildings natural light
  air
• Healthfulness on personal level7 lbs less
  average weight in cities82 fewer injurious
  accidentscombined accident and crime data

48
WE SQUANDER OUR GROWTH RESOURCES

• We have provided subsidies to sprawl and the
  automobile
• FHA Mortgage Insurance
• Federal Highway Program
• Clean Water Act
• Local Infrastructure Finance (Prep Prop 13)

49
INFILL DEVELOPMENT REDUCES GHG EMISSION AND
ADDRESSES MANY OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS SIMULTANEOUSLY.

• Reduces cost of government capital and
  operations.
• Preserves open space for habitat, agriculture,
  recreation and aesthetics.
• Reduces the cost of living and business.
• Enhances health generally.
• Enhances safety.
• Increases transit ridership and economic
  viability.
• Reduces energy use in buildings.
• Repairs the fabric of existing neighborhoods with
  new investment.
• Provides better access to jobs, goods and
  services especially for low income families.
• Increases civic involvement.

50
WHAT SHOULD WE ADVOCATE FOR AND DO

• Focus AB 32 on land use.
• Infrastructure Finance.
• Two-tier fee structure for infill and sprawl
• Focus fees on transit/pedestrian/bike not
  roads
• Stop worrying about congestion eliminate
  Level of Service standards
• Allow gasoline to get expensive.
• Focus on urban form first habitat second.
• Focus on affordable communities not just
  affordable housing.
• Organize against NIMBYS.
• Live URBAN if you wish to partake in urban
  amenities.