Multilinguals and their

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• Multilinguals and their
• Multiple Identities
• Professionalism,
• Internationalism,
• and Cosmopolitanism

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Definition of Multilingualism

• Quantity (Number of Languages)
• Quality (Degree of Mastery)
• The Identity of Multilingual Persons
• Link to Cosmopolitanism (Bruckner 1996)

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Definition of Cosmopolitanism

• Literature Matrix
• Contemporary Interdisciplinary
• Straddling of the Global and the Local
• Connaissance of and Engagement with Local
  Cultural Diversity
• Examples of cosmopolitan matrix issues Mobility
  Tourism Home

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Cosmopolitanism and the Nation-State

• Models opposing the Nation-State
• Models reconciling with the Nation-State
• Attachments Beyond the Nation-State ? Within the
  Nation-State

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Cosmopolitanism ? Internationalism

• Transcendence of Nation-State
• Home outside of Nation-State
• Other cultures above own national culture
• Issues below or above Nation-State Level
• Openness, Flexibility ? Limitations

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Empirical Investigation

• Interview Method Limitations
• Empirical Analysis and Synthesis
• 3 Personal Profile Types
• Advanced Tourist
• Transitional Cosmopolitan
• Interactive Cosmopolitan

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The Advanced Tourist

• Rational, functional view of experiences
• Local, parochial identity circles
• Professional view and use of languages
• Professional utility of cultural engagement
• Prototype of literature concept of transnational
  occupational cultures

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Professional Usefulnessof Language Learning

• I think why I chose to learn Spanish is
  especially becauseLatin America is for Political
  Scientists a very interesting field of studyThis
  was more utilitarian, to have more possibilities
  afterwards with the languageto find a job, in
  the now uniting Europe or in a job market that is
  getting more international every time.
• It just seemed that languages would be more
  useful, laterI knew I wasnt going to live in
  Norway all my life, and I knew I would need
  languages for what I wanted to do.

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The Transitional Cosmopolitan

• Substantiates in-between-ness advanced tourist
  and interactive cosmopolitan
• Home more tourist type
• Identity circles more cosmopolitan
• Nation-State More cosmopolitan
• Internationalism Lived Perspective

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Linguistic Mediation of Internationalism

• I have been treated as a xenomaniac by my
  friends sometimes. Comme si jétais un traître.
  As if I were a traitor. Ou si je critique la
  Grèce en étant en Grèce, comme si je navais pas
  le droit de faire ça, et cest une alliance with
  a traitor. Or if I criticise Greece while being
  in Greece, as if I hadnt got the right to do
  that, and as if that were an alliance with a
  traitor. The fact that I can criticize Greece,
  it means that for them the Greeks I am a little
  bit of a foreigner.

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The Interactive Cosmopolitan

• Substantiates cosmopolitan core literature and
  the link to multilingualism
• Linguistic mediation of matrix-categories
  professionalism identity dimensions home
• Complex multidimensional issues home
• Highly interactive, open, giving and two-way
  cultural access and engagement

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Linguistic Mediation/Complexity of Home

• Knowing the language well doesnt make you feel
  at home. But you cannot feel at home unless you
  know the language.
• It home is also where youre born at, but
  other home places accumulateIt captures all of
  your senses, its what you see, its also what
  you smellThen again it depends on the contextI
  would say that a home is a place where I can
  live any mood, a range of different situations.

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Ideal Types and Multiple Identities

• Advanced Tourist Professional
• Transitional Cosmopolitan International
• Interactive Cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan,
• Most Comprehensive and Complex Form of
  Multilingual Multiple Identity

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• Multilinguals and their
• Multiple Identities
• Professionalism,
• Internationalism,
• and Cosmopolitanism

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Perspectives for Future Research

• Parallel development of degrees
• Causality issue
• Sample size
• Quantitative methods
• Languages other than European

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Cosmopolitanism ? Globalization

• Part and Parcel of Globalization?
• Globalization plus Localization?
• Cultural Diversity ? Uniformity
• Historical Differentiation
• Independent Concepts

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Link Multilingualism - Cosmopolitanism

• Research Question
• Key Source Bruckner (1996)
• The Definition of Multilingualism
• The Identity of Multilingual Persons

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Cosmopolitan Transnationalism (I)

• Literature Synonym for Internationalism
• Now Qualitative Difference
• Transcending International/ism

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Cosmopolitan Transnationalism (II)

• Transnationalism defined in terms of
  Professionalism
• Transnational Professionalism ? Private
  Engagement with Local Cultural Diversity?
• Summary I Ambiguous Requirement
• Summary II Transcending Internationalism

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The Complete Cosmopolitan Matrix (I)

• Straddling of the Global and the Local
• Connaissance, or at least dilettantism
• Willingness of engagement with diversity
• Mobility to travel necessary but insufficient
• Attitude not of typical tourist occasional

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The Complete Cosmopolitan Matrix (II)

• Notion of home extremely varied
• Critical attitude towards the nation-state
• Transnational Professionalism possible
• Personal effort, with or without suffering
• Sense of elitism disputed requirement

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Overall Summary

• Conceptual Results
• Empirical Results
• The Way Forward