THE ORDER OF THINGS

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THE ORDER OF THINGS

• MILITARY COMMAND STRUCTURE WORDS YOU NEED TO
  SURVIVE THE WAR

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GERMAN WEHRMACHT

• The ARMYDAS HEER
• The NAVY KRIEGSMARINE
• The AIR FORCE LUFTWAFFE
• WAFFEN-SS ("armed SS") and STURMABTEILUNG (SA)
  units occasionally added

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WEHRMACHT

• THEIR COMMAND STRUCTURE WAS A MAJOR FACTOR IN
  THEIR SUCCESS

• HITLER-SUPREME COMMANDER
• MARSHALL VON BRAUHITSCH-COMMANDER AND CHIEF OF
  THE ARMY HIGH COMMAND

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• OKH
• THREE ARMY GROUPS
• GROUP A-RUNDSTEDT
• GROUP B- BOCK
• GROUP C-LEEB

• LUFTWAFFE
• (OKL)
• NAVY
• (OKM)
• BASCIALLY THE SAME SET UP

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• THE ALLIES LACKED COORDINATED COMMAND STRUCTURE
• EACH NATION EARLY IN THE WAR ACTED AS AN
  INDIVIDUAL

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GERMAN MILITARY JARGON

• Abteilung (Abt.) -- detachment, section,
  battalion
• Alte Hasen -- Old hares military veterans who
  survived front-line hardships
• Ami -- slang for an American Soldier

• Armeekorps -- infantry corps
• Aufklärung --reconnaissance

Armeeoberkommando Field Army Command
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• Blitzkrieg -- lightning war
• Erwin Rommel, Heinz Guderian, and Erich von
  Manstein
• Deutsches Afrika Korps (DAK) -- troops sent to
  North Africa under the command of Erwin Rommel

• Eagle's Nest -- name given to Hitler's
  mountain-top home at Berchtesgaden in the
  Bavarian Alps
• Einheit -- detachment or unit
• Einsatz -- duty, mission

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• Einsatzgruppen -- battalion-sized, mobile killing
  units
• Enigma -- German message encryption equipment.
• Fallschirmjäger -- paratroopers German airborne
  troops
• FlaK --air defense gun

• Gestapo-- Geheime Staatspolizei, secret state
  police
• Granatwerfer -- grenade thrower mortar
• Grenadier -- traditional term for heavy infantry
• Ivan -- German slang for a Soviet soldier

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• Kampfgeist -- fighting spirit
• Krieg- -- wartime-, war
• Mannschaften -- enlisted personnel

• Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres (Ob.d.H.) --
  Commander-in-Chief of the Army.
• Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) -- Army High
  Command Army General Staff.
• Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine -- Navy High
  Command
• Oberkommando der Luftwaffe -- Supreme Command of
  the Air Force
• Oberkommando der Wehrmacht -- Armed Forces High
  Command

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Allied WAR terms
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• AA---Anti-Aircraft
• AAC (Army Air Corps)-- name of the aviation
  branch of the U.S. Army until June 20, 1941 when
  it was changed to AAF
• Abwehr--intelligence and counter-espionage
  service of the German High Command

• Ace--a pilot who has shot down five aircraft
• AFV--(Armored Fighting Vehicle)
• Anti-personnel--designed to primarily kill/wound
  people
• Amphibious shipsspecialized ships for amphibious
  landings and supporting troops on hostile beaches

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• Anzac--Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
• Bangalores -a metal tube packed with high
  explosives, used by the Allies for cutting
  through barbed wire, blowing up railway tracks,
  detonating buried mines, and as an element in
  booby traps.

• banzai attack-a wild suicide charge conducted by
  Japanese troops
• Barrage--Fire which is designed to fill a volume
  of space or area rather than aimed specifically
  at a given target.
• Battery-the basic unit of artillery 4, 6 or 8
  guns of the same type grouped together

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BAR--Browning Automatic Rifle.
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• CAP--(Combat Air Patrol) - a defensive screen of
  fighters over a ship or other asset
• CBI--(China-Burma-India) theater
• Corvette--small anti-submarine vessel based on a
  whale catcher design

• Cruiser--a fast ship equipped with a powerful
  armament of 6 or 8 inch guns
• Destroyer (DD)--the workhorse of the Navy.
  Initially tasked with fending off attacks by
  torpedo boats, World War II saw their role and
  importance expand greatly - they did everything.

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• Division--A major administrative and tactical
  unit/formation which combines in itself the
  necessary arms and services required for
  sustained combat, larger than a regiment/brigade
  and smaller than a corps.

• DUKW  'duck--(Duplex Universal Carrier, Wheeled)
  2½ ton amphibious truck.
• Flagship--the ship in a fleet that the highest
  ranking commanding officer chooses to command
  from accompanied by his staff

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• Garand-American M1 0.30in cal rifle
• Grease Gun--American M3/M3A1 submachine gun
• Half-track--armored fighting vehicle that uses a
  combination of tracks and wheels.

• Howitzer-artillery which lobes shells on a
  parabolic trajectory to plunge down on targets.
  barrel length between 23 and 39 calibers
• Liberty ship--mass produced cargo ship
• LST--landing ship, tank
• LVT--landing vehicle, tracked  'Buffalo'
  amphibious tractor (amtrac)

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• Machinengewehr MG42--one of the best machineguns
  ever made.
• Milk run--a relatively safe combat mission
• Napalm--mixture of gasoline and a thickening
  agent. Aluminum salts of napathenic acid and
  palmitic acid used for this purpose gave us the
  term napalm. The thick jelly-like material burns
  at up to 1830 F. (1000 C.) and clings to
  anything it touches.

• NKVD (Narodnyy Komisariat Vnutrennikh Del)--
  Soviet secret police, predecessor to the KGB.
• Pillbox--a small low concrete emplacement for
  machine guns and antitank weapons
• Seabees--nickname for naval construction
  battalions (CBs)
• SNLF--Japanese navy ground forces (Japanese
  marines)

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GERMAN MILITARY RANKS WITH AMERICAN EQUIVALENTS
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• Generalfeldmarschall General of the Army
• Generaloberst General
• General-Leutnant Major-General
• Generalmajor Brigadier-General
• Oberst Colonel
• Oberstleutnant Lieutenant Colonel
• Major Major

• Hauptmann Captain
• Oberleutnant First Lieutenant
• Leutnant Second Lieutenant
• Hauptfeldwebel Sergeant-Major
• Feldwebel Staff Sergeant
• Unteroffizier Sergeant
• Obergefreiter Corporal
• Gefreiter Private First Class
• Grenadier/Schütze Private

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MILITARY COMMAND SET UP START BIG AND END SMALL
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US ARMY
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COMPANY typically the smallest Army element to
be given a designation and affiliation with
higher headquarters at battalion and brigade
level. This alphanumeric and branch designation
causes an "element" to become a "unit."
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• Squad - 9 to 10 soldiers. Typically commanded by
  a sergeant or staff sergeant, a squad or section
  is the smallest element in the Army structure,
  and its size is dependent on its function.
• Platoon - 16 to 44 soldiers. A platoon is led by
  a lieutenant with an NCO as second in command,
  and consists of two to four squads or sections.

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• Company - 62 to 190 soldiers. Three to five
  platoons form a company, which is commanded by a
  captain with a first sergeant as the commander's
  principle NCO assistant. An artillery unit of
  equivalent size is called a battery, and a
  comparable armored or air cavalry unit is called
  a troop.

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Battalion - 300 to 1,000 soldiers. Four to six
companies make up a battalion, which is normally
commanded by a lieutenant colonel with a command
sergeant major as principle NCO assistant. A
battalion is capable of independent operations of
limited duration and scope. An armored or air
cavalry unit of equivalent size is called a
squadron.
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Brigade - 3,000 to 5,000 solders. A brigade
headquarters commands the tactical operation of
two to five organic or attached combat
battalions. Normally commanded by a colonel with
a command sergeant major as senior NCO, brigades
are employed on independent or semi-independent
operations. Armored cavalry, ranger and special
forces units this size are categorized as
regiments or groups.
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• Division - 10,000 to 15,000 soldiers. Usually
  consisting of three brigade-sized elements and
  commanded by a major general, divisions are
  numbered and assigned missions based on their
  structures. The division performs major tactical
  operations for the corps and can conduct
  sustained battles and engagements.

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• Corps - 20,000 to 45,000 soldiers. Two to five
  divisions constitute a corps, which is typically
  commanded by a lieutenant general. As the
  deployable level of command required to
  synchronize and sustain combat operations, the
  corps provides the framework for multi-national
  operations.

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• Army - 50,000 soldiers. Typically commanded by
  a lieutenant general or higher, an army combines
  two or more corps. A theater army is the ranking
  Army component in a unified command, and it has
  operational and support responsibilities that are
  assigned by the theater commander in chief. The
  commander in chief and theater army commander may
  order formation of a field army to direct
  operations of assigned corps and divisions. An
  army group plans and directs campaigns in a
  theater, and is composed of two or more field
  armies under a designated commander. Army groups
  have not been employed by the Army since World
  War II.

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• There is not set number of troops for any element
• Usually size is determined by mission
• Aviation Comp. would be larger than infantry
  Comp.
• US ARMY HAD TRIANGULAR DIVISIONSIT CUT OUT
  REGIMENTAL LEVELS
• CALVARY---IS AN EXCEPTION
• THEY HAVE SQUARDRONS TROOPS

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• Private-lowest rank of enlisted men
• Private First Class-Grade above private.
• Corporal-Lowest non-commissioned officer, often
  commands a squad.
• Sergeant-Non Commissioned Officer above a
  Corporal.

• Master Sergeant-The lead non-commissioned
  officer at the battalion and sometimes higher
  levels.
• Sergeant Major--The key enlisted member of a
  battalion.
• Command Sergeant--Carries out standards,
  performances, training, and conduct to soldiers.
• Sergeant Major- of the ArmyHighest rank for a
  soldier.

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• Second Lieutenant--Lowest ranking commissioned
  officer.
• First Lieutenant-May command platoons or
  companies.
• Captain-A captain usually commands a company
  with a battalion.

• Major- Serves as a staff officer to a regiment
  or division commander
• Lieutenant Colonel-Usually commands a battalion
  made up of 300 to 1,000 soldiers. A battalion is
  within a regiment.

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• Colonel-Usually commands a regiment within a
  division.
• Brigadier General-Commands a brigade within a
  division.
• Major General-Commands a division which is
  10,000 to 15,000 soldiers.

• Three Star General-An officer in the Army, Air
  Force, or Marines who is above the rank of Major
  is a Three Star General
• Four Star General-Only officers who show great
  leadership and loyalty become four-star generals.
• The Five Star General rank was first created on
  December 14, 1944. Only four Army Generals have
  held this position. George C. MarshalDouglas
  MacArthurDwight D. Eisenhower Omar N. Bradley

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