Classifying Living Things

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Classifying Living Things
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Cladograms

• Cladogram- a branching
• diagram that shows
• evolutionary relationships.
• We use Taxonomy the science of classifying
  living things, to help us determine the
  cladogram.

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Carl Linnaeus

• Scientist who developed a classification system
  for living things.
• Wrote book Systema
• Naturae in 1735 to
• reveal his classification
• system.

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How biologists classify

• 1. Comparing morphology (physical traits)
• 2. Looking at genetic similarities
  differences
• 3. Biochemical make-ups
• 4. Behavioral similarities

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Scientific Naming

• Binomial nomenclature- unique 2-word name
  assigned by scientists.
• 1st word is the genus, 2nd is the species.
• Genus- group of organisms that share similar
  characteristics.
• Species- group of organisms that can successfully
  breed within their group, but not others.

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Example

• Homo sapiens
• Homo genus
• sapiens species
• Common name humans
• Quercus rubra
• Quercus genus
• rubra species
• Common name red oak
• Scientific names are in Latin b/c scholars in the
  Middle Ages communicated using it!

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How to write a scientific name

• Genus is always capitalized
• Species is always lower case
• The whole name is underlined if written or
  italicized if typed.
• Example
• Homo sapiens

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6 Kingdoms

• There are six kingdoms all living things are
  classified into
• Animals
• Plants
• Fungi
• Protists
• Eubacteria
• Archeabacteria

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Classification

• Scientists have determined seven levels of
  classification
• Kingdom Kings
• Phylum Pass
• Class Classes
• Order to Order
• Family Families
• Genus and their Good
• Species Sons around

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Classification of Modern Humans

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primates
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• Species sapiens