Mussolini Italy

1
Mussolini - Italy

• Mussolinis Rise to Power
• Fascism military-dominated government controls
  all aspects of society
• 1921 Fascists Communists fighting
• 1922 Mussolini marched on Rome
• Blackshirts Mussolinis army
• King appointed Mussolini - Prime Minister

2
Mussolini - Italy

• Dictator
• Eliminated
• Freedom of Speech
• Political Opposition
• Voting Rights
• Empire Building
• Occupied Ethiopia - 1935

3
Hitler - Germany

• Hitlers Rise to Power
• 1932 National Socialist Party - NAZI PARTY -
  growing powerful
• 1933 named Chancellor
• Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitlers book that lays
  out plan to restore German power
• Blamed groups for Germans decline
• Jews
• Intellectuals
• Communists

4
Hitler - Germany

• Dictator
• The Third Reich (Third Empire) - Government
• Prohibited Jews and non-Nazis from holding
  government positions
• Outlawed strikes
• Military service - mandatory
• Crushed all political opposition
• Brownshirts - Hitlers army

5
Hitler - Germany

• 1936 occupied the Rhineland
• 1938 occupied Austria
• Sudetenland in Western Czech
• 3 million German speaking people
• Anti-Semitism Hatred of Jews
• deprived of German citizenship
• property destroyed
• Kristallnacht night of broken glass
• 1938 - destroyed Jewish Synagogues and businesses

6
Franco - Spain

• 1931 Spain - new constitution
• limited power of military Catholic Church
• provided for universal suffrage, nationalization
  of public utilities and land for peasants
• 1936 Fascists army officers tried to overthrow
  government
• Spanish Civil War between Fascist Loyalists
• 1939 Franco took over government with help from
  German and Italian military aid

7
Tojo - Japan

• Japans military separate from government
• Emperor in charge of government
• Japans military wanted
• reduce Western influence and dependence
• Empire Building for resources in Asia
• 1931 Invaded Manchuria
• 1934 began building up Navy
• 1937 Japan occupies Northern China

8
Stalin Soviet Union

• Stalin (Man of Steel) among Lenins
  revolutionary supporters
• Helped create Soviet State
• Lenin dies Stalin becomes dictator
• Lenin distrusted Stalin (Comrade Stalin has
  concentrated enormous power in his hands and I am
  not sure that he always knows how to use that
  power with sufficient caution)

9
Stalin Soviet Union

• 1922 1927 Government Plan into action
• 1924 Moved supporters into strategic government
  offices
• 1928 Forced rival for leadership to exile
• 1929 Absolute Power as Dictator
• Economic Plan Five Year Plan revolution from
  above (we are 50 to 100 years behind the
  advanced countries) Rapid Industrialization
• Controlled factories and farms (consolidated)
• Long working hours (often did not have to pay
  used food)
• Quotas
• 14.5 million peasants die

10
Stalin Soviet Union

• The Great Terror
• Political opposition, scientists, artists,
  priests and intellectuals are executed, deported
  or sent to work camps (Siberia)
• Secret Police Peoples Commissariat of Internal
  Affairs (forerunner of the KGB)
• 20 million killed
• 9.5 million deported, exiled or imprisoned