Intergraded II

1
Intergraded II

• Chapter 1 Introduction to Science

2

• The Nature of Science
• How does science happen?
• Scientist investigate
• Scientist plan experiments
• Scientist observe
• Scientist always test results

3

• Science has many branches
• Science is observing, studying, and experimenting
  to find the nature of things
• Two main branches
• Social Science
• Natural Science

4

• Natural science tries to understand "nature"
  which really means "the whole universe"
• Natural Science is divided into
• Life Science
• Physical Science
• Earth Science

5
Life Science is biology, it has many branches

• Botany-plant
• Zoology-animal
• Ecology-science of balance in nature
• Dendrology-study of trees
• Entomology-study of insects
• And the list goes on

6

• Physical science has two main branches chemistry
  and physics.
• Chemistry the science of matter and its changes
• Physics is the science of forces and energy

7

• Earth science branches include
• Geology the physical nature and history of the
  earth
• Meteorology the study of the atmosphere and
  weather

8

• As science advances so does the classification of
  areas of study
• Biochemistry the study of matter of living things
• Geophysics the study of the forces that affect
  the earth

9

• Science and technology work together
• Pure Science the continuing search for scientific
  knowledge
• Technology the application of science

10
Theories and laws are supported by observation

• A scientific theory is an explanation that has
  been tested by repeated observations.
• Scientific theories are always being questioned
  and examined

11
To be valid a theory must continue to pass
several tests

• must explain observations simply and clearly
• experiments that illustrate the theory must be
  repeatable
• must be able to predict from theory
• A scientific law states a repeated observation
  about nature.

12
Mathematics can describe physical events

• Qualitative statement describes with words
  something you have seen many times.
• Quantitative stated as mathematical equations.

13

• Theories and laws are not absolute

14

• Scientific Model is a representation of an object
  or event that can be studied to understand the
  real object or event.
• Science Skills
• Observation
• Critical Thinking

15
Scientific Method

• Observation
• Form Hypothesis
• Test hypothesis/experiment
• Collect data
• Form Conclusion
• Report

16
Experiment has two parts

• Variable
• Control

17
Scientific Tools

• Light Microscope
• Telescopes
• Radio telescopes
• Spectrophotometer
• Particle Accelerators
• CBL's
• CPO

18

• Units for Measurement
• Scientist use SI units based on metric system

19
SI Base Units Table 1-1 Page 16

• Length
• Mass
• Time
• Temperature
• Electric Current
• Amount of Substance
• Luminous Intensity

20

• Derived units are combinations of the base units
  these include area, volume, pressure, weight,
  force and speed.
• Prefixes for measurements Table 1-2 and 1-3 Page
  16

21

• Metric system is based on 10 and multiples of
  ten.
• Practice conversions page 17, 1-8

22
Making Measurements Figure 1-15Types of
measurements

• Time
• Length
• Mass
• Volume
• Weight

23

• Organizing Data
• Presenting Scientific Data
• Tables
• Figures

24

• Line graphs are best for continuous changes
• Bar graphs compare items
• Pie charts show the parts of a whole

25

• Writing numbers in Scientific Notation
• Reduce numbers of zeros
• Simple number multiples by the power of 10

26

• Practice problems page 23 and 24

27

• Significant Figures- the digits in a measurement
  that are known with certainty.
• Measured quantities are always reported in a way
  that shows the precision of the measurement.
• A measured quantity is only as accurate as the
  tool used to make the measurement.
• See Figure 1-20
• Practice Problems Page 25 1-4