Foundations of Individual Behavior

1
Foundations of Individual Behavior

• Chapter Two

2
Biographical Characteristics
3
Ability
4
Dimensions ofIntellectual Ability

• Number aptitude
• Verbal comprehension
• Perceptual speed
• Inductive reasoning
• Deductive reasoning
• Spatial visualization
• Memory

5
Physical Ability
6
Nine Physical Abilities

• Strength Factors
• Dynamic strength
• Trunk strength
• Static strength
• Explosive strength

• Flexibility Factors
• Extent flexibility
• Dynamic flexibility

• Other Factors
• Body coordination
• Balance
• Stamina

7
The Ability-Job Fit
Ability-JobFit
8
Learning

• Learning
• Involves change
• Is relatively permanent
• Is acquired through experience

9
Theories of Learning

• Key Concepts
• Unconditioned stimulus
• Unconditioned response
• Conditioned response

10
Theories of Learning (contd)

• Key Concepts
• Reflexive (unlearned) behavior
• Conditioned (learned) behavior
• Reinforcement

11
Theories of Learning (contd)

• Key Concepts
• Attention processes
• Retention processes
• Motor reproduction processes
• Reinforcement processes

12
Theories of Learning (contd)

• Key Concepts
• Reinforcement is required to change behavior.
• Some rewards are more effective than others.
• The timing of reinforcement affects learning
  speed and permanence.

13
Schedules of Reinforcement
14
Schedules of Reinforcement (contd)
15
Schedules of Reinforcement
2-4
E X H I B I T
16
Behavior Modification

• Problem-solving Model
• Identify critical behaviors
• Develop baseline data
• Identify behavioral consequences
• Apply intervention
• Evaluate performance improvement

17
OB MOD Organizational Applications

• Well Pay versus Sick Pay
• Reduce absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not
  absence.
• Employee Discipline
• The use of punishment can be counter-productive.
• Developing Training Programs
• OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness.
• Self-management
• Reduces the need for external management control.