Affect and Emotion

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Affect and Emotion

• January 18, 2007

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Identity Theory

• The self is a hierarchical ordering of
  identities, differentiated by
• Salience the probability of activating a given
  identity in a situation
• Commitment the number and affective strength of
  ties to others as a result of having a particular
  identity

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Identity Control Theory

• Trying to maintain a view of the self
• Four central components
• The identity standard or the set of meanings held
  by the individual which define his or her role
  identity
• Persons perceptions of meanings within the
  situation matched to the dimensions of meaning in
  the identity standard
• Mechanism to compare perceived meanings with
  identity standard meanings
• Individual behavior which is a function of the
  difference between perceptions and standard

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Definitions

• Affect any evaluative orientation towards an
  object
• Emotion 4 components
• Appraisal of a situational stimulus
• Change sin bodily sensations
• Displays of expressive gestures
• Cultural meanings applied to the other three
  components

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Definitions

• Sentiment socially constructed pattern of
  sensations, expressive gestures, and cultural
  meanings organized around a relationship to a
  social object
• Mood enduring feelings tied to a person across
  situations

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Emotion Norms

• Feeling Rules social guidelines that direct how
  we want to feel in a given situation
• Expression Rules social guidelines which
  indicate how we should express our feelings in a
  given situation

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Emotional Deviance

• Emotional Deviance- experiences or displays of
  affect that differ in quality or degree from what
  is expected in given situations

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Factors contributing to emotional deviance

• From the emotional situation
• - Time
• - Memory
• - Complex situational stimuli
• Structural conditions
• - Multiple role occupancy
• - Subcultural marginality
• - Normative and nonnormative role transitions
• - Rigid rules governing ongoing roles and
  ceremonial rituals

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Emotion Management

• Definition trying to change in degree or
  quality an emotion or feeling
• Types of emotion management
• - evocation- trying to bring about a feeling
  which is initially absent
• - suppression- trying to reduce an undesired
  feeling which is initially present

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Techniques of emotion management

• cognitive- changing ideas or thoughts to try and
  change our feelings
• bodily- changing the physical aspects of
  emotional experience
• expressive- changing the expressive gestures

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ACT Evaluations of Social Identities

• Evaluation
• (-4)--(-3)---(-2)---(-1)---(0)---(1)---(2)---(3)--
  -(4)
• Very bad Very Good
• Potency
• (-4)--(-3)---(-2)---(-1)---(0)---(1)---(2)---(3)--
  -(4)
• Very weak/Powerless Very Strong/Powerful
• Activity
• (-4)--(-3)---(-2)---(-1)---(0)---(1)---(2)---(3)--
  -(4)
• Slow/Quiet Fast/Noisy

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Affect Control Theory

• Fundamental sentiments
• Deflections
• Transient impressions
• People try to confirm fundamental meanings and
  minimize deflections

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ACT website

• http//www.indiana.edu/socpsy/ACT/index.htm

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Kempers Structural Theory

• Power the ability to coerce another in order to
  get what one wants
• Status deferring to another (friendly,
  supportive behaviors)

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Kempers Theory

• 3 types of emotions
• Structural characteristic of a relationship
  based on status and power dimensions
• Situational result from changes in status and
  power as a result of interaction
• Anticipatory from the contemplation of future
  interaction

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Situational Emotions

• Increase in own power or Decrease in others
  power Security
• Decrease in own power or Increase in others
  power Fear/anxiety

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Situational Emotions

• Increase in own status or increase in others
  status satisfaction/happiness
• Decrease in own status
• Caused by other anger
• Caused by self shame
• Caused by fate depression
• Intentional decrease in others status
  satisfaction/fear
• Unintentional decrease in others status
  guilt/shame