Nationalism

1
Nationalism

• Chapters 25, 26, 27

2
Nationalism

• What does it mean to be a nation?
• What is nationalism?
• What is patriotism?
• What is similar?
• What is different between the 2 concepts?

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4
Latin American Patriots 25.5

• Haiti Francois Toussant-Louverture
• Mexico Miguel Hidalgo/Jose Maria Morelos
• Venezuela Simon Bolivar
• Peru Jose de San Martin
• Argentina Jose de San Martiin
• Chile Bernardo OHiggins
• Brazil King Joao/his son Dom Pedro

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Haiti

• Land controlled by wealthy white French
• Worked by enslaved Africans
• Francois Toussaint-Louverture, former slave
• Burned crops
• Arrested, sent back to France
• Yellow fever helped

7
Mexico

• Mexico part of New Spain
• Priest, Miguel Hidalgo, champion of poor
  meztisos, natives in parish Dolores
• el Grito de Dolores speech for Independence and
  Liberty
• Hidalgo executed, Priest Jose Maria Morelos takes
  over, captures southern Mexico, executed
• Wealthy white creoles declared indepent

8
Venezuela

• Simon de Bolivar, a creole, called the Liberator
• Started fight for independence in Caracas in 1810
  fought for 9 years
• Won independence for Venezuela
• Over next 20 years , won it for Colombia, Panama,
  Bolivia and Ecuador

9
Argentina/Chile/Peru

• Jose de San Martin, revolutionary leader from
  Argentina
• Led forces over Andes to Chile
• Joined with Bernardo OHiggins together they
  achieved independence 1818
• San Martin freed Peru 1820

10
Brazil

• Portuguese royals fled to Brazil after Napoleon
  invaded Portugal 1808
• King Joao improved economy in Brazil
• Had to return to Portugal in 1820 to protect his
  throne, left son, Dom Pedro in Brazil
• Ignored threats to return Brazil as a colony and
  declared independence-
• Constitutional monarchy- emperor Pedro I

11
Latin American Challenges

• Geography
• Neighbor countries become rivals
• No experience in government
• Executive branch all powerful
• Social class distinction

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14
Unification of Italy -Against

• 9 states
• Geography-mountains
• Geography river
• Pope against
• Austria Hungary against

15
Unification of Italy RisorgimentoRevival-For

• Nationalism grew out of hatred for Napoleon
• Passionate Patriots The Soul, The Brain, The
  Sword
• Birthplace of Renaissance sense of pride and
  accomplishment
• Unselfish leader-King Emmanuel II

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Unification of Germany - Against

• 39 independent states
• Confederation working-Zollverein
• Religion
• France worries Balance of Power
• Rivals for power

18
Unification of Germany - Pro

• Napoleon had fueled the fire by taking over a
  large part of Germany
• Common race, language, culture, music and
  literature
• Common feelings of liberalism and nationalism
• Napoleonic code common laws
• Trade good- low tariffs

19
Unification of Germany

• King of Prussia Wilhelm I appoints Otto von
  Bismarck PM-unites with blood and
  iron-realpolitik
• Bismarck uses war to unite Germans establish
  Second Reich Kaiser Wilhelm its emperor-no
  legislature-they rule
• Militarism and absolute rule go together
• Unification possible without war?

20
Bismarck Builds a Nation

• Church and State conflict
• Becomes a major industrial power
• Rift between middle class and lower class deepens
• Socialism gains popularity
• Kaiser Wilhelm I grandson takes over William
  II-strong military but didnt want to share his
  authority

21
What is realpolitik?

• Realpolitik is usually used pejoratively as a
  term to imply politics imposed by means of
  physical violence, political extortion or
  economic suppression, or to imply completely
  amoral politics aimed solely to achieve the goals
  by any means.

22
Empire of the Czars

• Little industrialization
• Autocracy/serfdom
• Officers in war-see changes in West-revolutionary
  ideas/actions begin
• Emancipation of serfs did little
• Intellectuals have no practical leadership
• Pogroms
• Bloody Sunday 1905-started as a peaceful protest,
  precursor 1917 Revolution/Communism
• October Manifesto-Duma legislative body

23
Czar Nicholas III 1880s - Faberge
Egg-stravaganza
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Faberge Egg-stravaganza-24 M
25
Faberge Egg-stravaganzaForbes a Collector Until
his death
26
Czar Nicholas II and Family
27
Rasputin
28
Dual Monarchy a compromise

• 11 different nationalist groups crossroads
• Germans(Austria)/ Magyars(Hungary) lead
• Francis Joseph-Austria agrees duality
• One King, 2 constitutions etc.
• Shut out other ethnic groups-resentment
• Balkans called powderkeg of Europe
• Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania revolts from Turkey
  brutally squashed

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Austria-Hungarys Decline
30
Austria-Hungary Declines