National Symbols of India

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1. The National Emblem of India is an adaptation
   form the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
2. In the original there are four Lions standing
   back to back mounted on an abacus.
3. The four animals at the bottom of the national
   emblem are a galloping horse and a bull (visible)
   and a lion and a elephant (not visible) separated
   by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
4. The Lion Capital was erected in the third century
   B.C. by Emperor Ashoka.
5. The National Emblem was adopted by the Government
   of India on 26th January 1950.
6. The words SATYAMEVA JAYATE taken from Mundaka
   Upanishad are inscribed below the abacus in the
   Devanagri script.

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• (1)The National Calendar based on the SAKA ERA
  with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year
  of 365 days was adopted on 22nd March 1957.(2)
  Chaitra is the first month of the year, falling
  on 22nd March normally and on 21st March in a
  leap year.(3) The dates of the National Calendar
  have a permanent correspondence with the dates of
  the Gregorian Calendar.

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• (1) The design of the National Flag was adopted
  by the Constituent Assembly of Sovereign India on
  22nd July 1947.
• (2)The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour
  of saffron at the top, white in the middle and
  green at the bottom.
• (3) The ratio of the width of the National Flag
  to its length is 23.
• (4) The design of the wheel (DHARMACHAKRA) is
  taken from the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital
  of Ashoka.
• (5)The wheel (DHARMACHAKRA) or Ashoka Chakra at
  the centre has 24 spokes and is navy blue in
  colour.
• (6) Flag code of India, 2002 (effected on 26
  January 2002) governs the display of National
  Flag of India.

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• (1) The national anthem JANA GANA MANA was
  composed by poet Rabindranath Tagore in
  Bengali.(2) It was adopted by the Constituent
  Assembly of Sovereign India on 24 January
  1950.(3) It was rendered in English by Tagore
  himself.(4) It was first sung on 27th December,
  1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian
  National Congress.(5) The complete song
  consists of five stanzas. The first stanza
  constitutes the full version of the National
  Anthem.(6) The playing time of the National
  Anthem is 52 seconds.

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• (1) Bankim Chandra Chatterji's composed song
  "VANDE MATARAM" taken from ANAND MATH has been
  adopted as the National Song of India.(2) It
  was also adopted by the Constituent Assembly of
  Sovereign India on 24 January 1950.(3) It has
  an equal status with JANA GANA MANA.(4) It was
  first sung in the 1896 session of the Indian
  National Congress.

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• Tiger (Panthera tigris)

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• Peacock (Pavo cristatus)

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• Mango (Mangifera indica)

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• Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

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• Banyan (Ficus benghalensis)

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• The Ganges