Nationalism

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Nationalism Democracy in the 1800s

• 3.07 Evaluate the effects of colonialism on
  Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe.
• 4.04 Examine the causes and effects of the
  Russian Revolution and its effect on Russia and
  the world.
• 4.05 Evaluate the causes and effectiveness of
  nineteenth and twentieth century nationalistic
  movements that challenged European domination in
  Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
• 5.01 Analyze the causes and course of World War I
  and assess its consequences.

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• Europe After Napoleon

• After Napoleons defeat, the victors met at the
  Congress of Vienna and redrew the map of Europe
  to create a balance of power and to strengthen
  conservatism.
• The European powers, except for Britain, adopted
  the principle of intervention, which allowed the
  great powers to send armies into nations where
  there were revolutions.

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• Changes in Europe

• Liberals and nationalists opposed the existing
  political system and threatened the conservative
  regimes.
• Liberalism
• Liberals wanted to protect civil liberties, such
  as freedom of the press and speech, religious
  tolerance, and government rule by constitution.
• Many liberals wanted a written document like the
  American Bill of Rights.

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• Changes in Europe

• Nationalism
• Nationalism arose when people began to identify
  themselves based on language, region, culture,
  and customs.
• Nationalism was a threat to conservatism because
  giving independence to nationalistic groups would
  upset the balance of power established at the
  Congress of Vienna.
• Beginning in 1830, liberalism and nationalism led
  to revolution in Europe. France and Belgium
  overthrew the current regimes, while Poland and
  Italy were unsuccessful in their rebellions.

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• Toward National Unification

• The rise of nationalism led to the unification of
  Italy and Germany.

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• Nationalism Reform in Europe

• While Italy and Germany were being unified, other
  states in Europe were also changing.
• England
• Was able to avoid the revolutions of Europe by
  making social and political reforms.
• Parliament expanded voting privileges to the
  middle class
• Industrial Revolution allowed wages to rise
  significantly, so the working class was now able
  to share in the prosperity.
• Queen Victoria, who ruled from 1837 to 1901,
  reflected the nationalistic pride of British
  citizens.

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• Videos

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• Nationalism Reform in Europe

• The Austrian Empire
• Nationalism was a problem for the Austrian Empire
  because it contained so many different ethnic
  groups.
• The Compromise of 1867 created a dual monarchy of
  Austria-Hungary.

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• Nationalism Reform in Europe

• Russia
• After being defeated in the Crimean War, Russia
  realized it had to modernize.
• Russia was a large, rural, agricultural society
• It depended on the authority of the central
  government to function as a European power.
• Czar Alexander II decided to enact reforms and
  issued an emancipation edict freeing the serfs.
  The new system did not improve the lives of the
  serfs, however.
• Alexanders other reforms led to his
  assassination in 1881.
• His son, Alexander III, returned to the old
  methods of repression.

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• Nationalism in the US

• Unified by the War of 1812, the United States
  later entered a bloody civil war that lasted from
  1861 to 1865.
• In the middle of the nineteenth century, slavery
  became the biggest threat to American political
  and social systems.
• Abolitionism in the North challenged the Southern
  way of life.

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• Nationalism in the US

• With the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860,
  South Carolina voted to secede.
• More Southern states joined them and formed the
  Confederate States of America.
• The American Civil War lasted for four years.
• The Union defeated the Confederacy in 1865,
  ending slavery and unifying the nation.

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