Project

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Project 2
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• What type of research is this?
• What are the variables?
• How are they tested?
• What threats to validity might be present?

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Are Eyes Windows to a Deceiver's Soul? Children's
Use of Another's Eye Gaze Cues in a Deceptive
Situation.

• Developmental Psychology. 40(6)1093-1104,
  November 2004.
• Children watched a video of an actor who hid a
  toy in 1 of 3 cups. In Experiments 1 and 2, the
  actor claimed ignorance about the toy's location
  but looked toward 1 of the cups, without
  (Experiment 1) and with (Experiment 2) head
  movement. Four- and 5-year-olds correctly used
  the actor's gaze cues to locate the toy, whereas
  3-year-olds failed to do so. Results suggest that
  by 4 years of age, children begin to understand
  that eye gaze cues displayed by a deceiver can be
  informative about the true state of affairs.

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Biases that can also affect the results both
subject and experimenter biases
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Demand Characteristics

• Subtle cues about what is expected given in the
  course of your research

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Experimenter Effects

• Experimenters may without realizing it give
  demand characteristics experimenter effects
• Researchers might have preconceived ideas about
  how the research should turn out
• This can affect the outcome of studies if not
  properly controlled and cues are gives out
• Not the same as scientific fraud (which is
  deliberate)

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Subject Effects

• Participants may respond to demand
  characteristics subject effects
• Participants are not passive
• They try to understand the study to help them to
  know what they should do
• When they respond to subtle cues about what is
  expected (or what they think or cues)
• Possible control for these problems, a placebo
  design.

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Validity, Control, Constraint

• Three closely-tied concepts
• The more controls we employ in a study, the
  higher the level of constraint.
• Validity (internal) is increased by using
  appropriate control procedures.

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Project 2

• Run alone participant needed
• Read the directions carefully (which key to use
  for what response LEFT if one odd, RIGHT if all
  the same))
• Click on the BCR icon
• Section 4
• Enter your Participant ID
• Browse for the Experiment (in the P drive, BCR
  folder, detection.bce)
• Save when you are finished (use the name it
  prompts) and you can take a look at the file
  (View Data)

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Project 2

• What were our variables?
• What were we trying to find?
• An early start (beware of diffusion of
  treatment!)

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• Have a good rest-of-week!