North Carolina in the Civil War

1
North Carolina in the Civil War

• Chapter 15

2
Preparing for War

• The goal of the U.S. was to restore the Union
  the Union wanted to abolish (end) slavery
• Emancipation Proclamation a document of
  President Lincoln freed all slaves in the
  Confederate states July 1, 1863

3
Union

• Advantages of the North
• Outnumbered the Confederates
• Had more shipyards, iron mills, metal factories,
  textile mills, and arsenals
• Had railroads
• Had a functioning government

4
Confederates

• Advantages of the South
• War was fought in the South
• Fighting on familiar territory
• Had some military training
• Had strong military leaders

5
Union Strategies

• Military
• Anaconda Plan blockade all Confederate ports and
  seize the Mississippi River
• Union ships blockaded the southern coast to cut
  off supply routes between the South and Europe

• Political
• Stop European nations from recognizing the
  Confederacy

6
Confederate Strategies

• Military
• Wear down the invading Union armies
• Ensure that the Union blockade didnt work
• Used swift raiders, fast, lightly armed ships to
  capture Union merchant ships

• Political
• King Cotton Diplomacy stop selling cotton abroad
  in hopes that the French and British would be
  forced to help the Confederates break blockades
  to get the cotton that they needed

7
War on the Coast

• The North Carolina coast was the most vulnerable
  to Union attack.
• Forts Clark and Hatteras were set up on the Outer
  Banks to guard the inlets into the sounds.

8
War on the Coast, cont.

• By taking control of NCs mainland, Union forces
  
• Could attack the railroad, preventing supplies
  from reaching Lees army
• Would be able to stop attacks by Confederate
  naval forces

9
Wartime Politics

• The Conscription Act of 1862 made men between the
  ages of 18 and 35 eligible to be drafted.

10
The Election of 1862

• During the elections of 1862, Zebulon Vance was
  elected governor of North Carolina.
• Zebulon Vance served as governor during most of
  the Civil War.

11
Conflicts with the Confederacy

• During the war, N.C. and the Confederacy
  disagreed over
• Conscription
• The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus
• The defense of the states
• The appointment of officers from other states for
  N.C. regiments
• The violation of rights of North Carolinians

12
Blockade Running

• Wilmington, NC became the Confederacys largest
  blockade running port.
• In 1863, Governor Vance purchased a blockade
  running steamship named the Advance.

13
War in the East

• In 1863, the Confederate Navy began building an
  ironclad ram named the Albemarle. The Albemarle
  was to be used to sink Union ships. In October
  1864, the Albemarle sank.

14
War in the Mountains

• Many people in the mountains of NC
• Harbored deserters and draft resisters
• Supported the Union during the war
• Helped Union prisoners escape from the
  Confederate prison at Salisbury

15
The Home Front

• Effects of the war on people in the South
• Shortage of food, salt, cloth (for clothing),
  shoes and medicines
• Women were left to tend children and farms
• Inflation (driving up prices)
• Richard Gatling patented the Gatling gun his
  first invention was a rice seed planter

16
The Peace Movement

• North Carolinas Peace Movement
• Led by William Holden
• Was accused of encouraging southern soldiers to
  desert
• Selected 6 Confederate congressmen

17
Beginning of the End

• Fort Fisher was captured in January 1865
• General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9 at
  Appomattox
• On April 26, General Joseph E. Johnston
  surrendered to General Sherman at Bennett Place