Title: Reconstruction%20of%20America%20post-Civil%20War
1Reconstruction of America post-Civil War
- Objective Students will review vocabulary of the
Civil War in order to connect its significance to
Reconstruction. Students will also be introduced
to Reconstruction and analyze how Reconstruction
affected different Americans. - WARM UP Take the vocabulary word you were
assigned and - 1. Define the word and its significance to the
topic of slavery/Civil War - 2. ILLUSTRATE the word to help you understand the
definition (stick-figures are fine)
2Overview of the Civil War
- Goals and Strategies to winning the war
- North (Not all Northerners were abolitionists,
so Lincoln had to define goals carefully) - TO SAVE THE UNION
- South to be left alone with slavery unchanged
- (had to prepare for invasion from the North)
- COTTON DIPLOMACY Greatest strength of the South
was their production of cotton (Exported to the
North and Europe) - Tried to use cotton as bargaining tool to get
financial help from the British
3Emancipation Proclamation
- January 1st, 1863 Abraham Lincoln issue the
statement/document - The Proclamation freed the slaves in all areas
that were in rebellion against the United States - Allowed slavery to continue in states that were
still in the Union - And it didnt apply to areas that had already
been conquered from the Confederates. - WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT THAN?
4Freedmen in North vs. Conscription in South
- Conscription The draft (forced service in
military) - - The Confederate Army enacted the first draft
in American history in April 1862 - - At first it was men between 18-35, by end of
war it was 17-50 years old - - Dodging the Draft () Became a poor mans
war - Freedmen emancipated slaves
- - Emancipation Proclamation encouraged freedmen
to serve in the Unions military - - Served in segregated units in the North
- NORTH LOT OF SOLDIERS vs. SOUTH LACK OF
SOLDIERS TO FIGHT
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6Reconstruction of the United States after the
Civil War
7Answer the following questions with your partner
- What do you think freedom meant to the slaves?
8Answer the following questions with your partner
- Was freedom a reality after the Civil War?
9- Did all ex-slaves gain equal treatment after they
gained their freedom? - If not, what factors contributed to the different
treatment?
10Reconstruction after the Civil War
- South was devastated in the war
- Economically broke
- Physically TORN UP landscape, farms ruined
- Nothing like FEMA in 1865 (Federal Emergency Aid)
- Morally defeated Lost war, under Norths
control - Millions of new citizens with little capital
(money) or education/marketable skills - How to bring these states back into the Union was
the major question of Reconstruction - - North decided to control/oversee rebuilding
process of the South (new laws, new agencies)
11Atlanta after the Civil War
12Devastation of the South
- Troops trampled through and fought battles
throughout the South - Property loss
- Farms valued at less
- Land seized
- Land ruined by neglect (no men, no slaves)
13Freedmans Bureau
- Set up at the end of the war to help the
thousands of blacks and white southerners
uprooted by the fighting
14Freedmans Bureau helped freed slaves find jobs
and deal with hardships
15African American hardships after the Civil War
- No money, no education, no established system of
support - Freedmans Bureau tried to help with jobs and
complaints - Not enough resources, tensions in the South
- Unfair contracts
- SHARECROPPING and TENNANT FARMING
- BLACK CODES ? People couldnt get OUT of their
work contracts, no matter how bad things were
16Freedmans Bureau tried to settle differences in
the South
17Lincolns Reconstruction vs. Congress
- Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863)
- 10 Percent Plan
-
- Wade-Davis Bill
- Lincoln vetoed the Bill
- Upset A LOT of his supporters
18Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth
19Funeral on Pennsylvania Ave
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21Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction
- Humble backround like Lincoln, but a Southerner
- Hatred for elite planting class
- Wanted all rich southerners to be pardoned by the
President to be let back in Union - No set or of people in a state had to express
loyalty before being let back in Union - Southerners liked it, but Northerns thought he
wasnt HARSH enough
22Black Codes laws designed to keep freedmen
dependent on whites
23KKK
- Ku Klux Klan
- Started in1866
2413, 14, 15 Amendment
- 13 Prohibits slavery
- 14 Granted citizenship to all persons born or
naturalized in the U.S.A. - June 1866
- 15 Guaranteed every MALE had the right to vote
- No vote for women
25Impeachment
- Charging President with a crime once impeached
by the House of Representatives, the President is
tried by the Senate (2/3 vote needed) - 2 President in our history have been impeached
26Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
- Scalawags a scoundrel and traitor in the eyes of
former Confederates - Carpetbaggers Those from the North who came
south to take part in the regions political and
economic rebirth. - Southerners scorned them as UNWANTED, and
sticking their heads where they didnt belong - Carpet bag was a large, cheap suitcase
27Opportunity for African Americans during
Reconstruction
28Opportunities
- Look on page 419
- What kind of opportunities where available for
freed slaves and other African Americans that
werent there before the War
29Southern Homestead Act
- 45 million acres of government owned lang in
southern states would be provided for African
Amerians - But few freedmen had the MEANS to buy seed,
animals, equipment (stuff other than the land) - Only about 4,000 families took advantage of the
offer
30Sharecropping and tenant farming
- Never-ending cycle of debt and dependency
- Sharecropping Instead of working for wages,
workers received a share of their employers crop - Employer provided land, seed, tools, a mule and a
cabin to live in - Could charge more for supplies than workers were
getting back in their percentage - Tenant Farming rented the land they farmed from
the landowner (Grew whatever crops they wanted to
grow)
31Violent opposition to change in the South
- KKK white social hierarchy
- Main target was African Americans, but terrorized
whites as well with threats, house burnings and
murder - Murdered thousands of people who were working to
change the social, economic and political make up
of the South (intergrate) - Many people (carpetbaggers, African Americans)
resigned from political positions in fear
32Enforcement Acts
- Laws passed to set penalties for blocking a
qualified person from voting - Many southerners claimed they squashed individual
freedom
33Reconstruction starts to crumble
- 1865-1877 12 years and there still was little
peace/prosperity in the South - Northerners were dismayed by the lack of progress
- African Americans were still stuck in poverty
- Southerners were dismayed by their regions poor
economic condition
34Decisions of the Supreme Court weakened
Reconstruction
- Slaughterhouse Case (1873)
- Civil Rights was a STATE issue
- United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
- 14th Amendment did not give federal govt. power
to punish whites who denied rights to African
Americans (???!!!) - United States v. Reese
- 15th Amendment did not protect voting rights if
they were denied for another reason
3515th Amendment
- Right for all MALES to vote
- U.S. VS. Reese 15th Amendment doesnt protect
voting rights if they are denied for another
reason - GRANDFATHER CLAUSE
- POLL TAX
- OBSCURE LOCATION OF VOTING BOOTH
36Reconstruction loopholes
- Jim Crow Laws
- Black Codes
- Lack of funds in Freedmens Bureau tied poor
economic conditions of freedmen
37Jim Crow
38Redeemers
- By 1876 only South Carolina, Lousianna and
Florida remained under Republican rule and
Federal control (Federal troops) - In the other states Democratic REDEEMERS ran the
governments they worked to win back their
states from the Republican rule
39Elections and Compromises
- Election of 1876
- Tilden wins by a small margin (too small to count
as a win) - 20 DISPUTED votes (voting fraud, confusion)
- Compromise of 1877
- Rutherford B. Hayes for President in return for
the END of Reconstruction efforts in the South
(removal of troops)
40Changed Lives During Reconstruction
- With a partner read and explore the documents on
page 428 and 429 - Then answer question number 4 together.
- Only one sheet is required to turn in for each
group.