Madagascar

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Madagascar
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Madagascar Before Colonization
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• The Madagascar people are a mix of Africans and
• Asians, the Asian facial feature are predominant
  but
• their heritage culture is mainly African
• Constant immigration from Indonesia up until the
  1400s
• Most of the people lived on the coasts
• In the 18th century, Madagascar had pretty much
• disintegrated
• King Andrianampoinimerina (17871810) ruled the
  major
• kingdom on the island and his son King Radama I
• (1810 1828), brought there people together and
  united (Merina Lady)
• most of the island
• In the 1800s the Marina Kingdom rose as the most
  powerful in Madagascar
• Radama received British aid in modernizing and
  equipping his army, if he abolished the slave
  trade, which was done
• His new army helped him to conquer the
  Betsimisáraka kingdom
• Protestant London Missionary Society s welcomed
  and they started to make churches and help
  transcribe the Merina language, which all help
  the spread of Merina culture all over Madagascar
• Only the native Merina people to attend these
  schools and churches

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• In the 1840s Queen Ranavalona I tried to ban the
• European influence in Madagascar, but when she
  died
• in 1861, they all returned and continued their
  influence.
• Only the native Merina people to attend these
• schools and churches
• In the 1840s Queen Ranavalona I tried to ban the
• European influence in Madagascar, but when she
  died
• in 1861, they all returned and continued their
  influence.
• After she passed away in 1861, her successor,
• Radama II and his successor reinstated the
  foreign
• trade policies and aloud European traders back
  to
• Madagascar
• In 1869, France extended their influence and
  fights
• started to break out
• during the reigns of Ranavalona II (186883) and
• Ranavalona III (188396), most of Madagascar was
  
• united under the Merina colony, this excluded the
  (King Radama I)
• southern part of the island and a part of the
  west

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• Ranavalona II recognized Christianity and was
  baptized
• In 1883, the French attacked and captured
  Toamsina, and in 1885 they established a
  protectorate
• In 1886, France made Madagascar a colony
• http//tps.dpi.state.nc.us/connectafrica/madagasca
  r/history.html
• http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859413.html
• http//www.britannica.com/eb/article-23444/Madagas
  car

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Map of Madagascar
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Madagascar During Colonization
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• During the sixteenth century, European
  colonization began with Portuguese, Dutch,
  English, and French people exploring Madagascars
  shoreline. In 1634, the French established a
  settlement in South Madagascar and occupied the
  Reunion and Rodrigues Islands. Several of the
  French settlements lasted more than 30 years,
  because of the relations that were established
  with the Antanosy, the ethnic group living there.
  
• During the French colonization of Madagascar,
  French became the dominant language of the
  island.
• By 1674, relations between the French and the
  Antanosy had been broken causing French
  colonization of Madagascar to end for nearly a
  century.
• For the next forty years, privateer vessels
  attacked ships of many nations. Madagascar became
  a popular hiding place for crews. Slave trade had
  also been implanted on the island.
• The most powerful ethnic group who gained control
  over Madagascar was the Merinas. Two monarchs
  played key roles in establishing political
  dominance over Madagascar.
• In 1904, the French had complete control over the
  entire island
• In 1916, the Merina planned an overthrow, but the
  French caught on and suppressed the uprising
• From 1947 to 1948, the were many uprisings and
  about 11 000 to 80 000 people were killed

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• in 1956, and the Social Democratic party (PSD),
  led by
• Philibert Tsiranana (a Tsimihety), gained
  predominance in
• Madagascar
• Madagascar gained full independence from colonial
  rule on
• June 26, 1960, and renamed themselves the
  Malagasy Republic
• http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859413.html
• http//countrystudies.us/comoros/3.htm
• http//www.wildmadagascar.org/overview/loc/13-hist
  ory_1894.html

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Madagascar Village
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Madagascar Today
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• Government structure Republic
• Independence 26 June 1960
• (from France)
• Legal System Based on
• French civil law system and
• traditional Malagasy law
• Composition by sector
• agriculture 26.9 industry 16.5
• services 56.6
• Labor Force 7.3 million
• Population below poverty line 50
• Inflation rate 12
• Debt (external) 4.6 billion
• Age structure 0-14 years 44.8
  Madagascar Landscape 15-64 years 52.2 65
  years and over 3
• Life expectancy at birth total population 57.34
  years male 54.93 years female 59.82 years
• https//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos
  /ma.html
• Languages Malagasy and French
• Geographic diversity Mountains, rain forests,
  river valleys, coastal plains, grasslands,
  caverns, and deserts

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• Religion Organized religion was not introduced
  until the 18th century, so most of the Malagasy
  traditional beliefs are more cultural than
  religious based. There are many "Fady"s or
  taboos, which are best, viewed as cultural habits
  rather than superstition
• http//hometown.aol.com/pathoverc/madagascar.html
• Didier Ratsiraka, named president on June 15,
  1975, announced that he would follow a socialist
  course and, after nationalizing banks and
  insurance companies, declared all mineral
  resources nationalized
• Repression and censorship characterized his
• regime. Ratsiraka was reelected in 1989 in a
• suspicious election that led to riots as well as
  the
• formation of a multiparty system in 1990
• In 1991, Ratsiraka agreed to share power with
• the democratically minded opposition leader,
• Albert Zafy, who then overwhelmingly won the
• presidential elections in Feb. 1993
• But Zafy was impeached by parliament for
• abusing his constitutional powers during an
  economic
• crisis and lost the 1996 presidential election
  to
• Ratsiraka, who became president in Feb. 1997
• The Dec. 2001 presidential election between
• incumbent president Didier Ratsiraka and Marc
• Ravalomanana, the mayor of Antananarivo, proved
• inconclusive and a runoff vote was scheduled

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• After a recount in April, the high constitutional
  court declared Ravalomanana the winner with 51.5
  of the vote
• Ratsiraka, after first refusing to accept the
  outcome, fled to France in July, and Madagascar's
  six-month civil war ended. In Dec. 2006
  Ravalomanana won reelection with 54.8 of the
  vote.
• http//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107743.html

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• Gained independence from France in 1960, and
  became a republic.
• First was the Malagasy republic, and is now is
  the republic of Madagascar.
• Madagascar is very similar to the French system
  witch is also like the Canadian system.
• Madagascar is divided into provinces, and it has
  a judicial branch, Executive branch, and a
  legislative branch.
• Like the French and Canadian politics, Madagascar
  has a voting system that runs with different
  parties. The people vote for the party that they
  want to lead there county.
• The legal voting age is eighteen.
• The politics in Madagascar is a mirror reflection
  of what western European politics because of the
  colonization by France.