Thursday Dec. 14

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Thursday Dec. 14

• Turn in The ENTIRE note packet with your name!
  (where youve been taking your notes)
• Pick up Note packet for today
• Agenda
• Immune System Notes
• Tomorrow Immune System Game!
• Homework--- Happy Holidays!- No homework (Immune
  System Vocab Cards due Jan. 3 and Final Exam
  review packet due Mon Jan. 8)

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Primary Function of Immune System

• Provides protection against disruption by
  pathogen and toxins
• Can tell the difference between self and
  non-self

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II. The Invaders

• Pathogens
• Definition harmful, disease causing agent
• Types bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.

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Bacteria

• Are they living? Yes
• Can they reproduce? Yes
• Do antibiotics work?
• Yes (can kill the bacteria)
• How do they attack?
• Enters body, then makes proteins/enzymes that are
  toxic to us (antigens)

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Viruses

• Are they living?
• Unknown (they are just DNA protein)
• Can they reproduce?
• Not without a host
• Do antibiotics work?
• No (can only treat the symptoms)
• How do they attack?
• (next slide)

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How viruses attack?

• Inject their DNA into our cells
• Uses the host cells machinery to make more
  viruses
• Cell breaks open, spilling out 1000s of virus
• Virus hides in hosts cells

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III. The Defense

• Non-specific
• Definition Do not have to recognize a foreign
  invader to fight it. Usually work by preventing
  pathogens from entering the body
• Example
• Skin, sweat, tears, saliva, sweat
• Macrophage- white blood cell that engulfs many
  types of pathogens/toxins

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III. The defense contd.

• Specific
• Definition specialized defense, attacks only
  certain invaders
• Types of cells (all WBCs)
• a. Helper T cells- 1st line of specific defense.
  These help recruit other immune system cells and
  tell them to attack certain invaders

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B. Types of cells contd.

• b. Killer T-cells told by the helper T-cells to
  kill specific invaders.
• --- They can distinguish between infected
  and non- infected self cells
• c. B cells Produce antibodies to prevent
  specific pathogens from harming the body
• --- memory feature- can remember previous
  infections and fight them quickly

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Meet the WBC Gang

• Macrophage Mannie
• Honey the Helper T-cell
• King Kong the Killer T-cell
• Sponge Bob B cell

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The WBC fights crime in your body

• The immune system fights the pathogens (bacteria,
  virus) and toxins invading the streets (blood
  vessels) of your body
• This is their 1
• target -----gt
• Goes by
• snake eyes

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Macrophage Mannie Stats

• 100 Italian
• Is a mommas boy but he would never admit that
• Doesnt take B.S. from anyone
• If the job needs to be done, Mannie is called in
• He doesnt care what the job is, hell do it all
• Mannie says, Ill eat anything! Mmm meatballs.
  But especially those pathogens and toxins that
  shouldnt be on my turf. These blood vessels
  belong to the godfather or godmother (thats
  you!). The WBC gang is unbeatable

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Macrophage Mannies mug shot
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Mannies message to snake eyes (the pathogen)

• You better hide Snake Eyes, youre not that sly.
  If you and me meet you know in a dark artery or
  vein, you are mine! I will eat you!
• Once Mannie eats something, he displays the enemy
  on the surface of his cell so Honey the Helper
  T-cell can be on the look-out

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Honey the Helper T-Cell Stats

• Has been in several feature films including My
  big fat white blood cell wedding, The Aorta, A
  human is where the home is and The Chronicles of
  the Kidnia
• Her job The look-out. Or looks at what Mannie
  has eaten to see if there are new enemies on the
  prowl. Alerts the immune system that Snake Eyes
  (or any other pathogen) is on the loose. Shes no
  killer.
• She says Sometimes these pathogens will try to
  look normal. But I have special X-ray vision I
  can see the imposters. Mannie also shows on the
  surface of his cell the bad guys he has eaten.
  So if I see another one, I will hit it with my
  arrow. My special arrows mark them as dangerous,
  so the rest of my gang can take care of business

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Honey the Helper T-cells mug shot

• Honey rarely
• misses (she
• has a 98 shooting
• accuracy)
• Honey has had
• a crush on Mannie
• but Mannie has
• turned her down
• -She hits the
• bad guys with
• a special arrow
• that lets the
• rest of the WBC
• gang know who
• to go for

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Honeys message to pathogens like Snake Eyes

• Dont even try to enter into the blood vessels
  of this human mother ship. I will find you. I
  know these arteries, veins, capillaries. I will
  hit you with my arrow. Then you are done. I got
  bow and arrow skills, you dont even know about

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King Kong the Killer T-cell Stats

• King Kong is mad. Crazy mad.
• And hes crazy mad in love with honey, but honey
  loves Mannie. Love triangle.
• Thinks hes the man
• He looks for Honeys arrows on the pathogens
  (viruses and bacteria) and he ATTACKS!
• He scored a perfect on his SAT. He can tell
  which cells are infected with Snake Eyes (the
  pathogen). He can tell between infected and
  non-infected self cells.

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King Kong the Killer T-cell Mug shot
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King Kongs message to Snake Eyes (the pathogens)

• I am mad. I kill! I am specific, I only kill
  the ones that Honey told me about. I will not
  kill my kind. Only the foreign (non-self) guys.
  I kill invaders! They may take our lives, but
  theyll never take our freedom

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Sponge Bob B cell Stats

• Has his own television program
• Looks like a sponge and can remember everything
• Has a gas problem which is deadly to invaders
• Like Honey and King Kong, he is specific. He
  only kills specific bad guys.
• Has an annoying voice
• Can make a mean hamburger.
• Can breathe under water.

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Sponge Bobs Mug Shot
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Sponge Bobs Message

• I remember everything. I am a sponge. I soak
  it all up. Every virus, bacteria, every guy like
  Snake Eyes that I meet, I never forget
• My deadly weapons are antibodies. Thats what I
  call them at least. Hahahah. Okay theyre
  actually farts. But they are so strong it kills
  any parasite or bacteria, and it will definitely
  kill Snake Eyes

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C. Vaccines

• 1. What exactly is in the shot they give you?
• Dead or inactive bacterial/viral antigens
• Antigens the stuff made by bacteria/viruses
  thats bad for you

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2. How does vaccine work?

• They cause your body to produce antibodies
  against the antigens (but the antigens are
  inactive, so they dont really make you sick)
• The memory feature of your immune system allows
  you to fight a real infection by the same antigen
  before it can take hold

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HIV and AIDS

• AIDS
• Acquired
• Immune
• Deficiency
• Syndrome
• The disease caused by HIV

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• HIV
• Human
• Immunodeficiency
• Virus
• A virus that attacks Helper T-cells and decreases
  effectiveness of the immune system

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Labeling HIV

• Left Side
• Top line viral membrane
• Capsid protein coat
• Protease (enzyme that cuts protein)
• RNA genetic material

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Labeling HIV

• Right Side
• 1. Top line special protein that binds to
  receptor on T-cells
• Capsid contains genetic material (RNA)
• Reverse Transcriptase (RNA -gt DNA for host cell)
• Integrase (enzyme that inserts viral DNA into
  hosts DNA)

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Bottom of page

• HIV is a retrovirus (RNA is genetic material)
• Inserts its code into hosts chromosomes
• Viral code cannot be removed
• RNA --gt DNA
• Lots of errors in copying
• Increase mutation rate
• Hard to cure

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• Enzymes
• The virus needs these to reproduce
• Some AIDS drugs work by disrupting the function
  of the enzymes

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• HIV attacks Helper T-cells
• Normal 1000 helper T-cells / mL
• Opportunistic infections begin
• 500 helper T-cells/ mL
• Full blown AIDS 200 helper Ts/ mL