Adolescence and Motor Development

1
Adolescence and Motor Development

• Physical Development, Movement, and Socialization

2
Physical Development

• Differences between males and females on fitness
  components

3
Adolescence

• Physical Development
• Two main components for discussion
• Health - related fitness
• Performance-related fitness or motor skill fitness

4
Health Related Fitness

• Cardiovascular Endurance
• Muscular Strength and Endurance
• Flexibility
• Body Composition

5
Health-Related Fitness

• Research
• Samples
• Reliability
• Consistency
• Generalizations require
• Meta-analysis of research

6
Aerobic Endurance

• Common measure (1-mile walk/run)
• Age 10
• Males compared to Females
• Mid to late adolescence

7
Muscular Strength/Endurance

• Findings (lower body)
• Common measure (modified sit-ups)
• Age 10
• Males compared to females
• Findings (upper body)
• Common measure (chin-ups/flexed arm hang)
• Males
• Females

8
Flexibility

• Findings
• Common measure (sit and reach)
• Females
• Males

9
Body Composition

• Findings
• Common measure (skinfold calipers)
• Females
• Males

10
What do we find in California?

• 1999 California Physical Fitness Test
• Report to the Governor
• Fitnessgram (Health Related Fitness)
• How did our 5th, 7th and 9th Graders do?

11
Youth Sport

• Nationwide
• 52.5 million (2005-2006)
• 7 million interscholastic (2005-2006)
• Interscholastic
• 1971-72 (300,000 girls) (3.5 million boys)
• 2005-2006 (3 million girls) (4.2 million boys)
• California Participation (2005)
• Boys most common Football (99K), Track (45K),
  Basketball (42K)
• Girls most common Soccer (37K), Track (36K),
  Volleyball (34K)

12
Movement

• Specialized Movement Abilities

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Specialized Movement Skills

• Mature fundamental movement patterns
• Development of skills
• Older children, adolescents, and adults should be
  able to perform mature movements

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Developmental Sequence of Specialized Movements

• Progression
• All or None Phenomenon
• Examples

15
Fundamental Movement to Specialized Movement
Abilities
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Developmental Sequence of Specialized Movements

• 3 separate, overlapping stages
• Dependent upon -
• Physical Capabilities and Specialized Movement
  Abilities

17
Developmental Sequence of Specialized Movements

• Specialized Movement Skills
• Extent of development dependency?
• Three stages transition, application, and
  lifelong utilization

18
Stages within Specialized Movement Development

• Transition Stage -
• Getting the idea
• Application Stage -
• Practice
• Lifelong Utilization Stage -
• Fine-tuning

19
Socialization

• Influencing Factors

20
Cultural Socialization

• Modification of ones behavior to conform to
  expectations of a group
• Process of learning
• Socialization -
• Interactive process between society and the
  individual

21
Structure of Socialization

• Structure of Socialization Three factors
• Social Status
• Social Roles
• Societal Norms

22
Influencing Factors

• People
• Factors
• Institutions
• Societal institutions
• Aid in development of values and civic
  responsibility
• Activities
• Cultural attitudes and values can be transmitted
  through physical activity

23
Physical Activity and Socialization

• As a socializing agent, PA is a powerful
  influence on attitude formation, moral
  development, and self-esteem
• Attitude Formation
• Acquisition requires three things - compliance,
  identification, internalization
• Moral Behavior
• Within context of sport - Sportsmanship

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Physical Activity and Socialization

• Sportsmanship
• Two aspects of sportsmanship - moral aspects
  and conventional aspects
• Moral aspects -
• Conventional aspects -
• Difference between moral and conventional
  (intrinsic vs. extrinsic)
• Self-esteem
• Increased movement competence