HISPANIC

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HISPANIC REALITIES IN NORTH AMERICA Implications
for UBA Daniel R. Sánchez
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REALITY 1

• The growth of the Hispanic American population
  has exceeded even the boldest projections of
  demographic experts

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• Between 1970 and 2005
• THE HISPANIC POPULATION
• Grew by
• 32 MILLION (1970)
• TO A TOTAL OF
• 42 MILLION (2005)
• 44 MILLION (2007)
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and
  Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second
  Generation, October, 2003)

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CONTRIBUTING FACTORSIMMIGRATIONSource Current
Population Survey, March 2000

• 4 of every 10 immigrants each year are Hispanic

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CONTRIBUTING FACTORSBIRTHSSource Current
Population Survey, March 2000

• In 1995 - 1 in every 6 was Hispanic
• By 2050 - 1 in every 3 will be Hispanic)

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In 2006 Hispanics grew more by births than by
immigrations
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Projected Hispanic Population Growth
Population in millions
Middle Series Projections
Census
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HISPANIC GROWTH

• Hispanic Americans are now the largest minority
  group in America i
• Have accounted for half of US population growth
  since 2000 ii
• i Dallas Morning News, Report Hispanic
  Population Surging, June, 9, 2005, 13A.
• ii Dvera Cohn, Hispanic population keeps
  gaining numbers, Star Telegram, June 9, 2005, 5A.

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REALITY 2

• Hispanics have spread throughout the country
  faster than any previous immigrant group

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Top States Hispanic Population (2005)
Population Estimates as of July 1
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Top Counties Hispanic Population (2005)
Population Estimates as of July 1
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Top States Growth (2000 2005)
(For states with 100,000 or more Hispanics in
2005)
Population Estimates as of July 1
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Hispanic Population in Texas(1980 2000)

• City Population Growth
  of Pop Hispanic
• Houston 1,247,586 211 38
• San Antonio 816,057 67 51
• Dallas 810,499 356 23
• El Paso 591,654 79 75
• McAllen 503,100 134 88
• Ft Worth 309,851 338 18
• Austin 254,039 211 38

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URBAN HISPANIC GROWTH1980 - 2000

• Areas of
  Hisp Pop
• Established Hispanic Metros 52 97
• New Hispanic Destinations 19 303
• Fast-growing Hispanic Hubs 25 235
• Small Hispanic Places 02 81
• Total 145
• (Source Latino Growth in Metropolitan
  America, The Brookings Institution Center on
  Urban Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic
  Center)

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Established Hispanic Metros (16) (Large base /
slow growth)

• City Population (2002)
• Los Angeles 4,242,213 105
• New York 2,339, 836 60
• Chicago 1,416,584 143
• Miami 1,291,737 123
• (These Gateway Cities posted the largest
  absolute increases between 1980 and 2000)

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Established Hispanic Metros (Large base / slow
growth)

• Pop 1980 Pop 2002 Change
• 7,180,206 14,119,006 97
• Cities Albuquerque, Chicago, Denver, El Paso,
  Fresno, Jersey City, Los Angeles, Mc Allen,
  Miami. New York, Oakland, San Antonio, San
  Francisco, San Jose, Tucson, Ventura

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Fast Growing Hispanic Hubs (11)(Large base /
fast growth)

• City Population (2000)
• Houston 1,248,586 21
• Dallas 810,499 358
• Austin 327,760 211
• Bakersfield 254,760 192

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Evangelistic Implications

• 1. The Hispanic population is growing in all
  metropolitan areas Urban strategies are needed
• 2. New patterns of growth have developed.
• New Destinations
• Suburbs
• Adjoining towns
• 3. Metro areas can serve as hubs for evangelistic
  dissemination. Like Pauls urban strategy (e.g.,
  Ephesus)
• (Source Latino Growth in Metropolitan
  America,The Brookings Institution Center on
  Urban Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic
  Center)

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REALITY 3

• The First Generation (the immigrants) has become
  the largest segment of the Hispanic population
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and
  Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second
  Generation, October, 2003)

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COMPARISON(2000)

• Generation Total
• 
  (in millions) (Of Hispanic Pop)
• 1st 14.2 40
• 2nd 9.9 28
• 3rd 11.3 32
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and
  Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second
  Generation, October, 2003)

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GENERATIONAL SHIFTS

• In mid 20th century, 3rd generation was
  dominant had deepest roots in U.S. culture
• By 1990, 1st generation became the largest
  segment of Hispanic population

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PROJECTIONS

• Generation 2000 2010 2020
• 
  
• 1st 40 38 34
• 2nd 28 32 36
• 3rd 32 30 30
• 1. Until 2020 the 1st generation will be the
  largest
• 2. The 3rd generation will remain about one third
  
• 3. From 2020 on, the 2nd generation will be the
  largest

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REALITY 4

• The use of the Spanish language has increased in
  the past two decades
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and
  Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second
  Generation, October, 2003)

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SPANISH BY GENERATIONS

• Gen Spanish Bilingual English
• Dominant Dominant
• 1st 72 24 4
• 2nd 7 47 46
• 3rd 0 22 78

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EVANGELISTIC CHALLENGES

• 1. Reaching the immigrant generation primarily
  utilizing the Spanish language
• 2. Reaching the 2nd and 3rd generation with
  bi-lingual and English-dominant strategies

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REALITY 5

• Regarding educational attainment, the 2nd and
  3rd generations have made significant strides yet
  the 1st generation lags behind
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and
  Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second
  Generation, October, 2003)

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EDUCATION(Age 25 to 64)

• Gen Less than High School Some College
  High School Graduate
  College Graduate
• 1st 54 24 13 9
• 2nd 23 33 29 15
• 3rd 25 35 27 13

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EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE

• 1. Providing GED opportunities for Hispanic youth
  and adults
• 2. Encouraging Hispanic young people to complete
  their high school education
• 3. Encouraging 2nd and 3rd generation Hispanics
  to avail themselves of existing educational
  programs in universities and seminaries

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DUAL CHALLENGE

• 4. Making provision for entry-level 1st
  generation Hispanics who are called to ministry
• 5. There is a desperate need SBC educational
  institutions to work together to build ramps
  which start at the entry level but continue on to
  baccalaureate and graduate levels

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REALITY 6

• Hispanics are showing more receptivity to the
  evangelical message than ever before in the
  history of this country

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Religious Preference

• Country Catholic Evangelical
• Mexico 76 16
• Puerto Rico 55 29
• Central America 51 29
• South America 70 18
• Cuba 64 20
• Dominican 74 15
• All Other 46 38
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

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GREELEYS STUDY

• 23 percent of the Hispanic population now
  identifies with Evangelical Protestant
  denominations
• i Andrew Greeley, Defection Among Hispanics,
  America (July 30, 1988).61.

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PEWS STUDY

• 20 percent of Hispanics are Evangelical or Born
  Again
• 9 percent are Other Christian
• Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos,
  December 2002, 53.

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Latest PEW Study

• More than 50 of Hispanics are seeking a more
  direct and personal relationship with God than
  what they find in their traditional religious
  practices
• Pew Hispanic Center, Changing Faiths Latinos
  and Transformation of American Religion. 2007

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EVANGELISTIC IMPLICATIONS

• The Hispanic fields are white unto harvest
• The religious background of many Hispanics
  favorably predisposes them to the evangelical
  message if it is presented in a positive,
  sensitive way
• Most of our church members need to be trained on
  how to share the good news with Roman Catholic
  friends.

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MISSIONARY IMPLICATIONS

• Because of their bi-lingual and bi-cultural
  background (like the Apostle Paul), Hispanics can
  be among the most effective missionaries in
  highly strategic parts of the world.
• Missions education which stresses the positive
  aspects of Hispanic identity is urgently needed

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Strategies

• Evangelism
• A. Friendship Evangelism
• B. Positive Evangelism
• Church Planting
• A. House Churches
• B. Cell-based Churches

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REALITY 7

• Hispanics are typically very conservative
  regarding social values

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FAMILY VALUES

• A strong attachment to family is evident among
  Hispanics who predominantly speak English and are
  generations removed from the immigrant experience
• A majority of Hispanics maintain that children
  growing in the US will stay close to their
  families
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

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FAMILY VALUES

• For Hispanics political concerns reflect the
  fact that they are more likely to be married and
  have children than other Americans
• Source William Frey, Demographer, Brookings
  Institution.

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FAMILY VALUES

• Leading Hispanics to a personal faith in Christ
  and discipling them could contribute to the
  strengthening of the moral and religious values
  that are needed in our country today.
• Source Daniel R. Sanchez.

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REALITY 8

• 2nd and 3rd generation Hispanics have made
  significant strides financially yet typically
  newly arrived Hispanics have the most difficult
  time financially

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Household IncomeHispanics

• Foreign-Born Native-Born
• gt30,000 57 37
• 30,000-49,000 20 28
• 50,000 11 27
• Dont Know 12 09
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

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OccupationHispanics

• Foreign-Born Native-Born
• White-Collar 31 69
• Blue-Collar 65 28
• Other 03 03

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Financial Resources

• Hispanics have great economic potential
• FuenteFelipe Korzenny, Betty Ann Korzenny,
  Hispanic Marketing A Cultural Perspective (NY
  Elsevier, 2005, 19)

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Purchasing Power

• The purchasing power of Hispanics will grow
  from
• One trillion in 2008
• to
• 2.5 trillion in 2020

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Observations

• 1st Generation Hispanics who do not speak English
  are more likely to have lower incomes, to rent
  living quarters, to have financial difficulties,
  and to avoid using bank accounts
• 2nd Generation Hispanics and those who speak
  English or are bilingual are more likely to have
  higher incomes
• Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

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Observations

• Among Hispanics, socio-economic levels are
  becoming more significant in establishing
  distinctions than national origin.
• Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

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IMPLICATIONS

• Utilizing needs as the point of entry could lead
  to the conversion to Christ of untold numbers of
  Hispanics.

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REALITY 9

• Hispanic Americans are the group with the largest
  percentage of children and young people

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HISPANIC MEDIAN AGE (26.9)Source Current
Population Survey, March 2000
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YOUTH

• In this decade, births have overtaken
  immigration as the largest source of Hispanic
  growth.
• Source Dvera Cohn, Washington Post

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YOUTH

• One in five people under the age of 18 is
  Hispanic.
• Source Dvera Cohn, Washington Post

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GOSPEL RECEPTIVITY

• Hispanic children and youth are more receptive to
  the Evangelical Message than their parents
• Source Pew Hispanic Center, 2002 National Survey
  of Latinos, 53.

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Hispanic Churches In American Public LifePew
Center Notre Dame U.
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REALITY 10

• Hispanics have a great deal in common with one
  another yet there is significant diversity among
  them

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Percent Distribution of Hispanics
by Type 2002
Source Current Population Survey, March 2002,
PGP-5
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Observations

• Hispanics are neither monolithic nor a hodgepodge
  of distinct national origin groups
• This common culture shares a diversity of views
  that is most evident in the contrasts between
  immigrant and native born
• They share a range of attitudes and experiences
  that set them apart from the non-Hispanic
  population
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

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Assimilation Stage Diversity

• Gen. Outside
• Contacts Language
• 1st Few Spanish
• 2nd Some Bilingual (Spanish
  dominant)
• 3rd Many Bilingual (English
  dominant)
• 4th Most English (only)

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Assimilation Church Planting

• Gen. Outside Church
• Contacts Language Culture
• 1st Few Spanish
  Hispanic
• 2nd Some Bilingual
  Bicultural
• (Spanish dominant)
  (Hispanic dominant)
• 3rd Many Bilingual
  Bicultural
• (English Dominant)
  (Anglo Dominant)
• 4th Most English
  Anglo

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CONCLUSIONS

• 1. Overall findings suggest the need for new ways
  of thinking and strategizing regarding the
  Hispanic population in this country
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

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CONCLUSIONS

• 2. Newly arrived immigrants are bringing new
  energy to Spanish and to attitudes shaped in
  Latin America. This has significant implications
  for evangelism and church planting among
  Hispanics.
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

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CONCLUSIONS

• 3. Two processes assimilation and immigration
  are taking place side-by-side in the Hispanic
  communities, often within a single family
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

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CONCLUSIONS

• 4. The vast and widespread growth of Americas
  Hispanic population also signals new forms of
  growth and new areas of settlement across the
  nations metropolitan landscape
• (Source Latino Growth in Metropolitan
  America, The Brookings Institution Center on
  Urban Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic
  Center)

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CONCLUSIONS

• 5. These Hispanic population trends seem to
  follow discernable pathways likely to carry into
  the future and should be taken into account in
  the development of strategic plans.
• (Source Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family
  Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

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CONCLUSIONS

• 6. The need for mission strategists to adapt
  quickly to vast change presents special
  challenges in metro areas that started with
  miniscule Hispanic populations and that
  experienced sudden, substantial growth.
• (Source Latino Growth in Metropolitan America,
  The Brookings Institution Center on Urban
  Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center)

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CONCLUSIONS

• 7. Mission strategists responsible for planning
  the allocation of services and resources need to
  tailor their decision-making to the particular
  growth variation in their ministry area
• (Source Latino Growth in Metropolitan America,
  The Brookings Institution Center on Urban
  Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center)

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IMPLICATIONS

• 1. For Evangelism?
• 2. For Church Planting?
• 3. For Penetrating The Culture?
• 4. For Leadership Training/ Resource Development?

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THE HISPANIC CHALLENGE

• HOW WILL YOU RESPOND
• TO THIS CHALLENGE?

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Resources

• To obtain additional copies of this presentation
  of purchase the book Hispanic Realities Impacting
  America visit the Church Starting Network website
  www.churchstarting.net
• You may contact Dr. Sanchez through his e-mail
  address dsanchez_at_swbts.edu
• Or call 817 454 9016