Nanomaterials by soft chemistry

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Nano-materials by soft chemistry
P.Pramanik Nanomaterials Laboratory Department of
Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur pramanik_at_chem.iitkgp.ernet.in
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• Nano-materials through Coordination Compounds
• Simple method to Material Chemistry.

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• Nano sized ceramic powder

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Sol-Gel Process

• Nano-sized Mullite, Zircon and other Silicates
  have been synthesized.
• We are now synthesizing Mesoporous Materials
  using Templates ( Surfactants ).

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• A opening for
• Nano-sized Materials

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Mesoporous Structure
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Sintering Aid

• Magnesia Brick ? Sintering at 1700C
• But densification is less than 92.
• But adding sintering aid like nano-sized
• MgAl2O4 the density ? more than 95

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Nano-composites for Bio-implants

• Nano-composites of nano- hydroxyapetite with
  phosphonated polymer .
• 1) Phosphorylated Co-polymer of vinylalcohol-
  methylacrylate
• 2) Phosphorylated Chitosan

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Synthesized Mesoporous Materials

• Size of pores 5-50 nm
• Zr Carbonate complex
• Zr phosphate / Zr silicate / Zr molybdate/
• Zr tungstate gt 300m2 /gm
• Templates are surfactants Cationic, Anionic,
  neutral
• Tin complex of NTA
• Tin phosphate / Tin silicate / Tin molybdate

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Catalytic studies of the materials

• Trans-esterification is very efficient in Tin
  compounds
• Dehydration of secondary alcohol is very
  efficient in Zr compounds
• Oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde by
  nanosized FeMoO4 Catalyst Yield is 78 (65-68)

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• Nano-sized CuCr2O4
• BENZENE ACETONE H2 CUMENE
• Selectivity is about 95
• Yield is more 88

Pramanik et.al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2006, 45,
3481
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Thermoelectric Materials

• Bismuth Telluride ( Bi2Te3 ) and its Alloys
• Figure of merit depends on
• Thermal Conductivity
• And
• Electrical Conductivity

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• Nano-sized Bi2Te3 Is a Promise

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Metastable phases by complex precursor method

• TiO2 with CrO2
• ZrO2 with CrO2
• CrPO4 with TiO2
• NiWO4 with TiO2
• UO2 and ThO2

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Tailoring superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles for purification of recombinant
proteins
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Magnetic separation is the only alternative to
overcome this problem
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Purification of histidine-tagged nitroreductase
using synthesized functionalized magnetic
nanoparticle
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Lane 1, uninduced cell lysate of recombinant
protein Lane 2, induced cell lysate of
recombinant protein Lane 3, eluted fraction by
commercially available Ni-NTA beads Lane 4,
eluted fraction with 100?l of magneticsilica
beads Lane 5, eluted fraction by 50?l of
magneticsilica beads Lane 6, eluted fraction by
100?l of reused magneticsilica beads Lane 7,
protein molecular weight marker.
20kD

• These Ni2 charged magneticsilica nanoparticles
  show specific adsorption for 6xHistidine-Tagged
  recombinant protein
• these magnetic-silica nanoparticles are highly
  efficient, cost-effective, bio-compatible and
  versatile.

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• Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle for cancer
  cell detection

• Targeted delivery of magnetic nanoparticle is a
  highly desirable strategy for reducing unintended
  side effects and toxicity. Receptor targets are
  especially suitable for such strategy.
• We have developed folic acid conjugated highly
  hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles to ease its
  internalization capacity in cancer cells through
  folate receptor mediated endocytosis.

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Figure.1. PSD of synthesized iron oxide folate
Figure 2. Confocal image of B96 cells showing
intracellular upatake of iron oxide nanoparticles
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• Chitosan tagged with folic acid ? a great
  promise.
• Chitosan is cross-linked with citric / Itaconic
  acid
• The vehicle is versatile to carry anything.

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Bio-Fuel

• Hydrolysis of cellulose ? glucose
  
• ? Alcohol.
• Chemical hydrolysis ? 50-60 yield
• Enzymatic hydrolysis ? 70-80 yield
• Recovery of enzyme is inefficient .

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• Types of cellulases
• Five general types of cellulases based on the
  type of reaction catalyzed
• 1) Endo-cellulase breaks internal bonds to
  disrupt the crystalline structure.
• 2) Exo-cellulase cleaves 2-4 units from the ends
  of the exposed chains produced by endocellulase,
  resulting in the tetrasaccharides or
  disaccharides such as cellobiose.

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• 3)Cellobiase or beta-glucosidase hydrolyses the
  exo-cellulase product into individual
  monosaccharides.
• 4) Oxidative cellulases that depolymerize
  cellulose by radical reactions.
• 5) Cellulose phosphorylases that depolymerize
  cellulose using phosphates instead of water.

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• So enzyme tagged with magnetic nano-particle is
  promising.
• Core shell is Co and tagged with cellulase
  through phosphonic acid derivative shows
  recovery efficient.
• Size controll of nano-composite is crucial

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FUTURE Programs

• 1) Nano-catalyst for hermitically sealed
  
• Pb- Battery
• 2) Drug resistance bacteria and parasite
• 3) Water purification from bacteria and virus
  for drinking
• water and fishery
• 4) Super capacitor for hybrid car
• 5) Surface modified Nano-sized SiO2 filler
  for tire and
• plastic industries

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Thank You