The Rise of Absolute Monarchy 15501800

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The Rise of Absolute Monarchy (1550-1800)

• Adv. World History II
• J. Lilly

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Two Models of European Political Development

• Absolute Monarchy
• Constitutional or Limited Monarchy

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Ferdinand and Isabella
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• Increased royal power over the nobles and became
  a world power by sending explorers to conquer new
  lands.

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Philip II

• Son of Charles V
• Believed himself to be guardian of the Catholic
  Church
• Wars
• Battle of Lepanto 1571
• Spanish Netherlands
• Spanish Armada

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Spains Golden Age

• Cervantes
• Don Quixote, the first modern novel in Europe.
• El Greco produced religious pictures, dramatic
  views of the city of Toledo, and portraits of
  Spanish nobles.

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Economic Decline

• Costly overseas wars
• Gold and silver neglect farming and commerce.
• The expulsion of Muslims (Moors) and Jews
• Loss of skilled artisans and merchants.

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French Wars of Religion

• Huguenots (French Protestants) vs. Catholics
• Henry of Navarre (Henry IV 1589) - Huguenot
• Edict of Nantes

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Louis XIII (1610-1643)

• Presided over the French government with Cardinal
  Richelieu (below), attaining world power for
  France

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Louis XIV (1643-1715)

• Known as the Sun King
• Louis 1643
• Cardinal Marazin
• Court of Versailles
• Jean Baptiste Colbert
• Height of Absolutism
• Goal To seek stability by perfecting royal
  absolutism

Letat cest moi!
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Palace of Versailles - Google Earth Image
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Louis XIV

• Successes
• Strengthened royal power
• Strongest Army in Europe
• Wealthiest state in Europe
• Arts flourished in France
• Failures
• Engaged in costly wars
• Persecuted the Huguenots (fled France)
• Hurt the French Economy

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Thirty Years War (1618 - 1648)

• Catholics (S) V. Protestants (N)
• All major European countries (but England) joined
• Took place on German soil
• Peace of Westphalia
• Consequences
• Increased use of fire arms
• Standing armies
• France - dominant power
• Death of HRE (360 states resulted)

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England - Tudors Stuarts

• Tudors - believed in divine right, value of good
  relations with Parliament.
• Henry VIII (1509 - 1547)
• Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603)
• The Stuarts believed in divine right and
  repeatedly closed Parliament.
• James I (1603-1649)
• Charles I (1625 - 1640)

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Elizabeth I (last Tudor)

• Consulted and Controlled Parliament
• Forbade Parliament to discuss foreign matters and
  her marriage
• Avoided defining the relationship between the
  crown and Parliament

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James I

• Believed in divine right of kings
• Fought with the Puritans, wanted to purify the
  church of Catholic Practices
• Called for a new translation of the Bible - King
  James Version

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The English Civil War

• Charles I (Cavaliers) V. Oliver Cromwell
  Parliament (Roundheads)
• Charles trial execution
• House of Commons abolished the monarchy House
  of Lords
• Est. Republic or Commonwealth
• In executing the king, parliamentary forces sent
  a clear signal that, in England, no ruler could
  claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.

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The Glorious Revolution

• James II (Catholic)
• P. invited William and Mary (cousin of James II)
  (protestant) to become rulers of England.
• Arrival and WM
• James II fled to France
• Glorious Revolution

James II
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William and Mary (1688- 1701)

• English Bill of Rights, which
• Parliament superior over the Monarchy
• H of C - power to raise
• Guaranteed - F of S in P.
• Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the
  throne
• Restated the rights of English citizens
• Monarchs could not
• raise taxes
• maintain a standing army
• interfere with parliamentary elections
• Trial by jury
• Habeas corpus

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Constitutional or Limited Monarchy

• The GR created the limited monarchy, in which a
  constitution or legislative body limits the
  monarchs powers.

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Austria

• Austrian Hapsburgs (ruling dynasty) - Mainly
  Catholic
• Sig. as emperors of Holy Roman Empire
• Expanded Austria (decentralized)
• Present day Austria
• Czech Republic
• Hungary
• Translvania
• Croatia
• Slovenia
• Own religion, nationality, laws, and political
  life

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Prussia

• Frederick William the Elector (protestant)
• Geographic obstacles led to a large and efficient
  standing army
• Son -
• King Frederick I (1701-1713)

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Ivan the Terrible (ended 1584)

• 1st Tsar of Russia
• Ruthless in crushing the power of the boyars
  (Russian Nobility)

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Peter the Great (1682 - 1725)

• Romanov Dynasty (1917)
• Goal To westernize or Europeanize Russia
• Technology, dress, culture, etc
• Reorganized army, Built strong navy
• Russia - great military power
• Strengthened Russian Orth. Church

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Expansion Under Peter

• Peter engaged in a long war with Sweden
• Won land along the Baltic Sea St. Petersburg
• Open window to the west.

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Mannerism

• Return to religious art, broke from Renaissance
  traditions (balance, perspective, proportion)
• Allegory Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time by Agnolo
  Bronzino

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If it Aint Baroque, dont fix it

• Less complex, more realistic and more emotional
• Judith Beheading Holofernes - Artemisia
  Gentileschi

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Democracy vs. Absolute Rule

• Democracy
• Absolute