Graduate search clinics

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Graduate search clinics

• Reference management and plagiarism
• Gillian Pritchard, Social Science Library, Reader
  Services Librarian

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Session Outline
• Introduction to session
• Plagiarism what it is and how to avoid it?
• Referencing styles
• Using Reference Management Software

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Reference management and plagiarism

• What is plagiarism?
• Plagiarism is the copying or paraphrasing of
  other peoples work or ideas into your own work
  without full acknowledgement. All published and
  unpublished material, whether in manuscript,
  printed or electronic form, is covered under this
  definition.
• http//www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/index.s
  html

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Exercise Where do you draw the line?
• In pairs look at the list of 6 examples given
  and decide where you would draw the line and call
  it plagiarism.
• Explain your reasons. (Carroll, 2002, p. 42)

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Examples of plagiarism
• direct quoting without quotation marks or in-text
  citation
• paraphrasing without in-text citation
• inaccurate citation
• collusion
• using work from professional agencies
• autoplagiarism

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Whats wrong with plagiarism?
• unethical
• undermines reputation of the institution
• devalues intellectual endeavour
• destroys trust and respect
• can lead to disciplinary action and affect career

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Reference management and plagiarism

• How do I avoid plagiarism?
• Give full acknowledgement when using someone
  elses
• ideas, opinions, theory, technical or artistic
  work, illustrations, electronic information etc
  or facts which are not universally known
• Use correct in-text citations and footnotes

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Exercise
• The handout has 5 examples. In pairs work out
  which ones are examples of plagiarism. Explain
  your reasons and suggest ways of making them
  acceptable.

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Top Tips!
• adopt good time management skills
• take careful and comprehensive notes
• know how to cite correctly
• cite your sources as you go
• be selective
• form your own opinions and write with your own
  voice
• check your work carefully
• when in doubt, cite!

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Reference management and plagiarism

• More information
• ESPC Plagiarism website (includes online
  tutorial)
• http//www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/index.s
  html

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Correct citation
• Identifies the origin of ideas
• Shows connections between ideas
• Enables checking of argument validity and
  accuracy
• Encourages the spread of knowledge Shows courtesy
  and respect to the originator
• Identifies sources of influence
• Avoids plagiarism

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Reference management and plagiarism

• How do I cite correctly?
• You need to check on the citation style used by
  your department but generally...
• Include a brief reference in the body of your
  text at the point where you refer to someone
  elses work
• Give fuller details of the work you are citing in
  a separate part of your document (e.g. in
  footnotes, endnotes, references section
• You may need a bibliography as well!

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Exercise
• In pairs discuss and draw up a list of the
  information you need to record when using a
  source.

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Citation Books
• Include the following information
• Author(s), editor(s), corporate author(s)
• Date of publication
• Title and subtitle
• Edition (if not the first)
• Series and volume number
• Place of publication
• Publisher

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Citation Journals
• Include the following information
• Author(s), editor(s), corporate author(s)
• Title of article
• Name of journal
• Series number or name
• Volume and issue number
• Date of publication
• Page numbers

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Citation Electronic sources
• Include the following information
• Author/editor or website domain
• Year
• Title of item
• Full URL
• Date accessed

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Citation Styles
• 5 main styles used in HE in Britain
• Author-date system
• - Harvard
• - APA (American Psychological Association)
• - MLA (Modern Languages Association)
• Numerical systems
• - Running notes style e.g. MHRA (Modern
• Humanities Research Association)
  -
  Numeric style e.g. Vancouver, IEEE

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Author-date Styles
• Sources are cited in the body of the text by
  inserting the authors surname and year of
  publication in brackets
• Full citations of all sources are given at the
  end of the text in alphabetical order

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Numerical referencing styles
• Numerical systems
• Superscript or bracketed number inserted in
  text.
• Full citation given in footnotes/endnotes
• Running notes
• Every citation has a new number. If the same
  source is cited many times it will have many
  different numbers
• Numeric style
• Every unique citation has a new number. If the
  same source is cited many times it is cited using
  the same number.

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Author-date In text citation
• Inserts authors surname and date in the text
  wherever source is to be cited
• If there are 2 authors use both names
• If there are more than 2 authors use first author
  name followed by et al.

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Author-date in-text citation
• Examples
• The work of Kennedy (Kennedy, 1991) draws
  together the
• arguments of eminent authorities on the question
  of national
• grand strategy.
• Attempts at formulating a satisfactory
  definition of strategy have
• always foxed historians (Murray Knox, 1994)
• Some authors postulate that despite Nazi
  propaganda most
• Germans opposed the war (Deist et al., 1990)

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Author-date Quotations
• Enclose direct quotations in quotation marks
• Include page numbers in your in-text citation
• If quoting more than two lines indent the quote
• Indicate any omitted words with

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Author-Date Quotations
• Example
• Cohen (Cohen,1977, p. 111) concludes that
  nicknames operate as boundary-defining

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Numerical referencing footnotes
• Text
• Recent research1 has surveyed the views of the
  common man2 on the criminal justice system.
• Footnotes/Endnotes
• 1. SMITH, D. Confidence in the criminal
  justice system What lies beneath? Ministry of
  Justice, 2007.
• 2. OCONNELL, M. Is Irish public opinion
  towards crime distorted by media bias? European
  Journal of Communication, 1999, no. 14, pp.
  191-212

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Should I use reference management software?
• Points to consider
• number of references
• growing number of reference types
• growing number of referencing styles
• type and frequency of publications being produced

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Reference management and plagiarism

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Common features of reference management software
  packages
• they gather references from different sources and
  databases (incl. catalogues and websites)
• they edit, sort, annotate and share references
• they create reference lists in different
  formats/styles
• they integrate with word processing applications
  to produce automatically formatted bibliographies

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Which RMS package should I use?
• Things to consider
• desktop or web-based
• freeware/shareware or licensed
• own use or sharing with colleagues
• small or large number of references
• training and support
• Comparison of reference management software
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_refere
  nce_management_software

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Further help
• RefWorks and EndNote training
• http//www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/itlp/courses/atoz
• RefWorks help
• http//www.refworks.com/Refworks/help/Refworks.ht
  m
• EndNote help
• http//www.endnote.com/support/
• WISER sessions
• http//www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/services/training/wiser

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Demonstration RefWorks
• https//www.refworks.com/Refworks/login.asp?WNCLa
  ngfalse
• Opening an account
• Adding a manual reference
• Collecting references from a remote database
• Citing references in a document
• Creating a bibliography with Write-N-Cite III

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Reference management and plagiarism

• Demonstration EndNote
• Logging in
• Creating a library and adding a manual reference
• Collecting references from a remote database
• Citing references in a document
• Creating a bibliography