The Reflective Practitioner How Professionals Thinks in Action

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The Reflective PractitionerHow Professionals
Thinks in Action

• Schon, D. 1983

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• Technical Rationality
• Develop a scientific knowledge base
• 4 properties (specialized, firmy bounded,
  scientific, standardized)
• 3 components about professionals knowledge
  (basic science component, applied science, skills
  and attitudinal component)
• Reaserchers and Practitioners different skills,
  different normative curriculum for professional
  school)

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• Technical Rationality and Positivism
• TR is the heritage of Positivism
• 3 doctrines of positivism
• Science became from thema hypothtico-deductive
  system
• Pratical Knowledge was to be construed as K of
  the relationship of means to ends
• Models of instrumental practice
• Division of labour (University and professions)

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• Limits of Technical Rationality (I)
• World War II Sputnik new impetus to
  tecnological program
• Side effect production of new scientific
  knowledge a great attraction for the social
  science
• Increasing the awarness of the flaws and
  limitation (complexity, uncertainty, instability,
  uniqueness)
• Problem solving vs. problem setting

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• Limits of Technical Rationality (II)
• Formal modelling became divergent for the real
  world problms of practice
• There is a gap (Schein, Glazer, Simon)
• New approach, but only to preserve model of TR
• The model of TR is incomplete, because fails to
  account for practical competence in divergent
  situation

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• Reflection in action
• Tacit implicit knowledge in action
• Think about what we are doing (Reflection on
  action)
• Think about while we doing it (Reflection in
  action)
• Knowing in action (tacit norms)
• Consider Practice (element of repetition)
• Reflecting in practice
• Kwowing in practice

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• Design a reflective conversation
• Architectural problem
• Language of design (drawing talking)
• A complex problem (norm for access, circulation,
  use)
• Design domains words have different roles
• Professor compress and masks the process by
  which designers learn from iterations, how to
  reinvent and how to redraw.
• Good understanding of the problem of this
  problem