Andrew Jackson

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Andrew Jackson 1828-1836 (Presidency) 1767 -
1845 (Life)
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Essential Question 1
Champion of the Common Man?
KingAndrew?
Champion of the Common Man?
OR
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Essential Question 2
Should Andrew Jackson be on the 20 dollar bill?
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• Political Changes in the Early 19th Century

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The Age of "Jacksonian Democracy"
An new era of American politics
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Voter Turnout 1820 - 1860
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Write in your notebook

• The political changes illustrated by the maps
  and the chart on the last 2 slides.

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Jacksons Faith in the Common Man

• Intense distrust of Easternestablishment,
  monopolies, special privilege.
• Heart was with the plain folk.
• Belief that the common man was capable of
  uncommon achievements.

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Canvassing for a Vote by George Caleb Bingham
How do you think this painting illustrates the
new democracy?
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How does the Kentucky state seal exemplify
democratic culture?
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Davy CrockettA Symbol of Jacksonian Democracy
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Characteristics of Jacksonian Dem.

• Greater equality among white men
• Plain folk get political positions
• Voters chose their states slate of Presidential
  electors.
• Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, barbeques,
  etc.)

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Jacksons Inaugural Party
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The New Jackson Coalition

• The Planter Elite in the South
• People on the Frontier
• State Politicians spoils system
• Immigrants in the cities.

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Essential Question 1
Issues 1.) Spoils System 2.) Tariffs and the
American System 3.) Nullification Crisis 4.)
Indian Removal 5.) Bank of the United States

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The Spoils System.

• Giving political supporters government jobs /
  taking them away from people who did not support
  you.
• Jackson replaced 1 in 10 people in the government
  with Loyal Democrats
• Said any reasonably intelligent and honest
  person could do a political job.
• Gave many common people opportunities
• Led to corruption and incompetence

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• TARIFFS
• THE AMERICAN SYSTEM

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Tariffs the American System

• - Andrew Jackson _____________ high
• (fill in
  the blank)
• tariffs.
• -Andrew Jackson _________ the
• (fill in the
  blank)
• Nationalist Republicans American System.

opposed
opposed
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Jackson vs. the Nationalists
States can pay for Their own roads! No need to
raise tariffs for that!
Jackson didnt like these guys, but really
didnt like. .
These guys started the American system
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The Nullification Issue
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Tariff of 1828

• Higher tariff
• Jackson dislikes
• John C. Calhoun (VP), of SC writes The South
  Carolina Exposition, advising nullification of
  tariffs which benefit some states but hurt others.

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Jacksons Birthday Party

Jackson Our Federal Unionit must be
preserved.
Calhoun The Union, next to our liberty,
most dear.
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The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel WebsterMA
Sen. Robert HayneSC
Webster Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.
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Nullification Crisis

• 1832 tariff lowered
• SC NULLIFIES it!
• Force Bill Jackson will bring army to SC if it
  refuses to pay the tariff.
• SC backs down

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Indian Removal
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The Cherokee Nation After 1820
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Indian Removal

• Poor whites want Indian lands in Southeast
• 1830 ? Indian Removal Act
• Worcester v. GA (1832)
• Jackson John Marshall has made his
  decision, now let him enforce it!

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Indian Removal
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Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
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Jacksons Professed Love forNative Americans
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The Bank of the United States Issue
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The National Bank Debate
PresidentJackson
NicholasBiddle
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Jacksons Opinion of the Bank

• Popular opinion - Bank caused the Panic of 1819
• Elites use bank to control the country

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Clays Election of 1832 Scheme

• Bank charter expired in 1836
• Bill to renew in 1832
• Get Jackson to veto
• Publish veto message expose Jacksons
  irrationality

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Jacksons veto message

• . . .every man is equally entitled to
  protection by law but when the laws undertake to
  add to those natural and just advantages
  artificial distinctions. . .and exclusive
  privileges. . .the humble members of society
  the farmers, mechanics, and laborers. . .have a
  right to complain of the injustice to their
  government

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Clays Scheme Backfires

• Jacksons message charms the public, which feels
  the same.
• Clay loses election of 1832

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Jackson Kills the Bank

• Jackson sees his election as mandate to kill the
  bank
• Stops all federal deposits into the Bank
• Removes all money from the Bank

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(No Transcript)
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Panic of 1837

• A result of killing the Bank was a massive
  depression that lasted until 1840.

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Panic of 1837

• Major cause irresponsible pet banks
• Worst depression yet! Lasts until 1840

Give me my Specie!
PET BANK
One BIG client that lost deposits was the Fed.
Govt
Everyone else got nervous and took it all.
Sorry
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Results of the 1824 Election
A Corrupt Bargain?
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The Tariff Issue
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1832 Tariff Conflict

• 1828 --gt Tariff of Abomination
• 1832 --gt new tariff
• South Carolinas reaction?
• Jacksons response?

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Jacksons Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830 ? Maysville Road project in KY
state of his political rival, Henry
Clay
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Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
Soft(paper)
Hard(specie)

• state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from
  issuingbank notes freely.
• supported rapid economic growth speculation.

• felt that coin was the only safecurrency.
• didnt like any bankthat issued banknotes.
• suspicious of expansion speculation.

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The Monster Is Destroyed!

• pet banks?
• 1832 ? Jackson vetoed the extension of
  the 2nd National Bank of the
  United States.
• 1836 ? the charter expired.
• 1841 ? the bank went bankrupt!

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The Downfall of Mother Bank
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An 1832 Cartoon KingAndrew?
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King Andrew
Used veto more times than previous 6 presidents
combined Vetoed laws against his taste, not
because of constitutionality Ignored Supreme
Court rulings
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• National Republicans ? Whigs

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1832 Election Results
Main Issue?
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Results of the Specie Circular

• Banknotes loose their value.
• Land sales plummeted.
• Credit not available.
• Businesses began to fail.
• Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!
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• National Republicans ? Whigs

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The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren Old KinderhookO. K.
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The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!
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Andrew Jackson in Retirement
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Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before
his death)
1767 - 1845