A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION

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CHAPTER 11

• A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION
• 1820-1844

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The Rise of Popular Politics 1820-1829

• The decline of notables and the Ascent of
  Parties.
• Property
• Rise of the common man
• Martin Van Buren the little Magician architect
  of the new political party system.
• Jacksonian Democrats

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Election of 1824

• Era of good feelings was over by 1824, however
  there were no political parties, therefore states
  nominated their favorite son for the presidency
• 1821 South Carolina-John C. Calhoun
• 1822 Tennessee-Andrew Jackson
• 1822 Kentucky-Henry Clay
• 1823 Congressional caucus-William H. Crawford
• 1823 Massachusetts-John Q. Adams

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Election continued

• 1824 Calhoun announces hes candidate for the
  Vice-presidency.
• Election results Jackson 99 electoral votes,
  Adams 84, Crawford 41, Clay 37.
• Election thrown into the House of
  representatives Crawford had suffered a
  paralytic stroke.

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Election continued

• House rule only consider the top three vote
  getters, this rule eliminated Clay. Leaving only
  Jackson and Adams to be seriously considered by
  the house.
• House voted Adams 13 votes, Jackson 7 votes and
  Crawford 4 votes.

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Corrupt Bargain

• Clay throws his support to Adams, Adams in turn
  names Clay as Secretary of State. Rep. George
  Kremer (Pa.) and Jackson made the
  accusation against Adams and Clay.
• Jackson announces in 1824 that hes running for
  presidency in the election of 1828.

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John Quincy Adams 1767-1748
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Opposition to Adams

• Jackson announces his candidacy for president in
  1828.
• The south opposed any measure supported by the
  Adams administration.
• Vice-president John C. Calhoun staffs Senate with
  anti-Adams people.

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Andrew Jackson 1767-1845
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Opposition Continued

• Tariff of 1828 Tariff of Abominations, led by
  northern Jacksonians, in an effort to discredit
  the Adams administration. The house framed a
  bill more intend on manufacturing a president
  than protecting manufacturing.
• The tariff however was signed into law on the
  basis that it offered protection.

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Tariff Continued

• Southern reaction to the tariff
• South Carolina passed a resolution claiming the
  bill unconstitutional, oppressive, and unjust.
  The states of Mississippi and Virginia did the
  same thing.
• Southerners blamed Adams for the tariff
• South Carolina Exposition and Protest written by
  John C. Calhoun.

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John C. Calhoun 1782-1850
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Election of 1828

• The Democratic Republicans nominated Andrew
  Jackson for President and John C. Calhoun for
  Vice-president.
• National Republicans nominated John Adams for
  President and Richard Rush for Vice-President.

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Election of 1828

• Jackson got 178 electoral votes
• Adams got 83 electoral votes

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Election of 1828
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Presidency of Jackson1829-1837

• Jackson Agenda
• Patronage and Policy
• Spoils System
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Amos Kendall
• Roger B. Taney
• Martin Van Buren
• William L. Marcy

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Jackson Continued

• The mood of the first administration of President
  Jackson was set in December of 1828 with the
  death of his wife Rachel. Jackson felt that she
  had died of a broken heart by the attacks of the
  Pro-Adams people.
• John Eaton affair,
• Peggy ONeil
• Floride Calhoune
• Sectry. Of State Martin Van Buren

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Webster-Hayne Debate

• In December of 1829 Senator Samuel A. Foot of
  Connecticut proposed a resolution inquiring into
  the expediency of temporarily restricting the
  sale of public lands.
• Thomas Hart Benton answered by saying it was an
  attempt to check the settlement and prosperity of
  the west The spread of slavery was more at issue.

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Webster-Hayne Continued

• The debate centered mainly on Webster and Robert
  Hayne on the issue of state right v. the union.
• The Jefferson Day Dinner.
• Jackson Our Union It must be preserved.
• Calhoune Our Union next to our liberty, most
  dear.

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Jackson

• One of the major issues of the administration of
  Jackson the the nullification crisis of 1832-33.
• South Carolina was hypersensitive to the issue of
  slavery and state-rights.
• Reasons for the sensitive
• a high concentration of slaves
• the abolitionists movement of January 1830
• Denmark Vessy 1822 in Charleston S.C.
• 1831 Nat Turner rebellion in Virginia

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Jackson Continued

• In 24 November 1832 South Carolina met in
  convention and passed a resolution nullify the
  tariff of 1832. Their conclusion was based on
  three false assumptions
• That the constitution was subject to definitive
  interpretation.
• That one party to a contract could interpret the
  agreement without destroying it.

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South Carolina Continued

• A minority of a nation could reassume its
  sovereignty but a minority in a state could not.
• Jackson on 10 December 1832 issues a proclamation
  to the people of South Carolina
• your ordinances of nullification are an
  impractical absurdity.
• Disunion by armed force is treason.
• 28 December 1832 Vice-president Calhoune resigns
  as V.P.

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Nullification Crisis

• Force Bill
• Jackson ask congress for authority to use
  military force in South Carolina to collect the
  tariff duties.
• Jackson signed both the compromise of 1833 and
  the Force Bill into on 2 Mar. 1833. This ended
  the nullifications crisis.
• In a face saving gesture the South Carolina
  legislature nullified the force act.

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The Bank War

• The bank war
• Clay and Webster needed an issue for the election
  of 1832.
• Nicholas Biddle to ask for an early recharter.
• Jackson would veto the bill, the National
  Republicans then would use the issue of the bank
  against Jackson.
• Jackson win the election of 1832.
• Jackson 219 electoral votes to Clays 49
  electoral votes. Jackson saw the election as a
  mandate to kill the Bank now.

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Bank War Continued

• Jackson wants to remove federal funds from the
  bank.
• Asks Secretary of Treasury McLane to remove the
  funds. McLane refused to do so and Jackson
  reorganized his cabinet and appointed McLane to
  Secretary of State and appointed William J. Duane
  as Secretary of Treasury. He asked Duane to
  remove the funds from the Bank of the United
  States, Duane refused to do so, Duane was
  replaced by Roger Brooks Taney.
• Public funds no longer deposited in Bank of U.S.
• Pet Banks (Girard Bank of Philadelphia ) by 1833
  23 banks was Pet Banks.

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Indian Removal

• Indian Removal Act 1830, offered Indians land
  west of the Mississippi in exchange for their
  Ancestral holdings.
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) the Supreme
  court rule that they were a domestic dependent
  nation. Therefore could not bring a case against
  a state.
• In Worcester v. Georgia, the court ruled that the
  were a distinct political community.
• Jackson said Marshall has made his decision let
  him enforce it.
• Trail of Tears

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Legacy of Jackson

• Jacksons affect on the economy of the United
  States
• Enhanced the Power of the Presidency
• Appointed Chief Justice Roger Brooks Taney
• Rise of the Common Man.

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Presidential Election of 1836

• The Democratic Party met in Baltimore in May of
  1835 and chose Martin Van Buren for president and
  Richard M. Johnson for vice-president.
• The Whigs unable to select a candidate named
  several candidates with stung local followings in
  hopes of throwing the election into the house.

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Election Continued

• Massachusetts nominated Daniel Webster
• Hugh L. White was nominated by Tennessee
  legislature.
• Ohio nominated William H. Harrison
• In the election Van Buren won with 170 electoral
  votes
• Harrison 73
• Webster 14

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Panic of 1837

• Causes of the Panic
• Over speculation in industry
• Over speculation in farming
• Tighten of Credit domestically and from foreign
  banks in England.
• Surplus of workers

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Election of 1840

• The Whig party nominated William Henry Harrison
  for President and John Tyler for Vice-president.
• The democratic party nominated Martin Van Buren
  for President and Richard M. Johnson for
  Vice-president.
• Campaign of 1840 Log Cabin-Hard Cider campaign
  for the democratic and the Whigs adopted the
  Tippecanoe and Tyler Too slogan.

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Elections Continued

• Harrison and Tyler were elected and the
  administration of Harrisons had many firsts
• First modern day campaign
• Oldest President elected to date, 68 yrs. Old.
• Coldest day in Washingtons history on inaugural
  day.
• Harrison gave the longest inaugural address 1
  hour and 45mins.
• Shortest administration 1 month, Harrison dies 4
  Apr. 1841
• First Vice-President to assume Presidency due to
  death of President.

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The Tyler Administration

• John Tyler of Virginia was a former democrat who
  joined the Whigs simply to oppose Jacksons
  nullification stance.
• Many aspects he was just like Jackson
• Favored rapid settlement of West
• Opposed Clays American System
• Opposed the National Bank

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