Europeanization of arms export policies

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Europeanization of arms export policies

• Mark Bromley, SIPRI
• bromley_at_sipri.org
• www.sipri.org

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What is Europeanization?

• Europeanization consists of processes of a)
  construction, b) diffusion and c)
  institutionalisation of formal and informal
  rules, procedures, policy paradigms, styles,
  ways of doing things and shared beliefs and
  norms which are first defined and consolidated in
  the EU policy process and then incorporated in
  the logic of domestic (national and subnational)
  discourse, political structures and public
  policies, See Radaelli, C. M., Europeanization
  Solution or Problem?, European Integration
  Online Papers, Vol. 8, No. 16, (Oct., 2004)
• How does it impact at the domestic level?
• Creating mis-match' or goodness of fit between
  policy models laid down by the EU and existing
  national practices.
• Influencing 'opportunity structures' by
  redistributing power and resources at the
  domestic level.
• Creating mechanisms for 'socialization' and norm
  diffusion among officials and policy makers.

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• Question
• To what extent have member states arms export
  policies been altered by processes of
• Europeanization?
• Quantitative research - consists of an analysis
  of available data on member states arms exports.
• i. Change in the level of restrictiveness of
  member states arms exports.
• ii. Change in the degree of harmonization of
  member states arms exports
• Qualitative research - based on a close
  examination of three mid-sized European arms
  exporters - the Czech Republic, the Netherlands,
  and Spain.

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• Findings
• Our study indicates that the adoption of the EU
  code has had effects on major conventional
  weapons exports from the EU.
• However, effects are limited to the norms
  relating to human rights and conflict.
• Caveats
• Limitations of the dataset. Results may be very
  different for SALW transfers.
• Results my be due to other factors unrelated to
  EU Code of Conduct and Europeanisation.

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