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Chapter One

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Chapter One. The Nature of Probability and Statistics ... Chemistry, Physics. Areas where. STATISTICS. are used. Health & Medicine. Genetics, Clinical Trials, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter One


1
Chapter One
  • The Nature of Probability and Statistics

2
How can I do well in this class?
  • Make sure you can do basic algebra.
  • Attend all lectures.
  • Complete all assignments.
  • Go over answers to assignments.
  • READ and STUDY the vocabulary.
  • Form study groups with fellow students.
  • Make sure you can use a calculator.
  • HAVE FUN!!!

3
What Statistics is NOT
  • Statistics is not math.
  • We use math to do statistics, but the emphasis is
    on interpretation.

4
Business Economics, Engineering, Marketing, Comput
er Science
Physical Sciences Astronomy, Chemistry, Physics
Areas where STATISTICS are used
Health Medicine Genetics, Clinical
Trials, Epidemiology, Pharmacology
Environment Agriculture, Ecology,
Forestry, Animal Populations
Government Census, Law, National Defense
5
What do statisticians do?
  • Study the safety of nuclear power plants.
  • Evaluate the impact of pollution.
  • Determine the effectiveness of new drugs.
  • Estimate the U.S. unemployment rate.
  • Analyze consumer demand for products.
  • Plan and analyze agricultural experiments.

6
What are Statistics?
  • Statistics are particular calculations made from
    data.
  • Example
  • In this class there are 34 third year students.
  • This is data.
  • 34 of this class are third year students.
  • This is a statistic.

7
What is Statistics?
  • Statistics is the science of gaining information
    from data.
  • This is how stats touches all other subjects. We
    get our data from all other subjects i.e.
    sociology, biology, engineering, economics,
    apparel and fashion merchandising, and more.

8
Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
  • Cluster sample randomly select a few
    clusters(e.g. geographic area, schools in a large
    district)
  • Confounding Variable influences outcome but
    cannot be separated (e.g. a study of the
    relationship between height and income)
  • Continuous variable infinite number between

9
Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
  • Convenience sample
  • Data values the variables can take on.
  • Descriptive statistics collect, organize,
    summarize, and present data.
  • Discrete variable can be counted.

10
Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
  • Experimental study manipulation of a variable
    to see the effect on other variables.
  • Inferential statistics generalizing from
    samples to populations (relationships,
    estimations, and hypothesis tests).
  • Observational study

11
Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
  • Population ALL subjects being studied.
  • Qualitative variables can be put in distinct
    categories.
  • Quantitative variables can be ordered or ranked
    (height, arm length).
  • Random sample chance methods or random numbers.
  • Sample group of subjects from pop.

12
Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
  • Stratified sample divide by characteristic and
    sample within strata.
  • Systematic sample number subjects and select
    every kth subject.
  • Variable characteristic or attribute that can
    assume different values.
  • ? (means to add whatever is to the right of the
    symbol).
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