Title: Chapter One
1Chapter One
- The Nature of Probability and Statistics
2How can I do well in this class?
- Make sure you can do basic algebra.
- Attend all lectures.
- Complete all assignments.
- Go over answers to assignments.
- READ and STUDY the vocabulary.
- Form study groups with fellow students.
- Make sure you can use a calculator.
- HAVE FUN!!!
3What Statistics is NOT
- Statistics is not math.
- We use math to do statistics, but the emphasis is
on interpretation.
4Business Economics, Engineering, Marketing, Comput
er Science
Physical Sciences Astronomy, Chemistry, Physics
Areas where STATISTICS are used
Health Medicine Genetics, Clinical
Trials, Epidemiology, Pharmacology
Environment Agriculture, Ecology,
Forestry, Animal Populations
Government Census, Law, National Defense
5What do statisticians do?
- Study the safety of nuclear power plants.
- Evaluate the impact of pollution.
- Determine the effectiveness of new drugs.
- Estimate the U.S. unemployment rate.
- Analyze consumer demand for products.
- Plan and analyze agricultural experiments.
6What are Statistics?
- Statistics are particular calculations made from
data. - Example
- In this class there are 34 third year students.
- This is data.
- 34 of this class are third year students.
- This is a statistic.
7What is Statistics?
- Statistics is the science of gaining information
from data. - This is how stats touches all other subjects. We
get our data from all other subjects i.e.
sociology, biology, engineering, economics,
apparel and fashion merchandising, and more.
8Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
- Cluster sample randomly select a few
clusters(e.g. geographic area, schools in a large
district) - Confounding Variable influences outcome but
cannot be separated (e.g. a study of the
relationship between height and income) - Continuous variable infinite number between
9Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
- Convenience sample
- Data values the variables can take on.
- Descriptive statistics collect, organize,
summarize, and present data. - Discrete variable can be counted.
10Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
- Experimental study manipulation of a variable
to see the effect on other variables. - Inferential statistics generalizing from
samples to populations (relationships,
estimations, and hypothesis tests). - Observational study
11Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
- Population ALL subjects being studied.
- Qualitative variables can be put in distinct
categories. - Quantitative variables can be ordered or ranked
(height, arm length). - Random sample chance methods or random numbers.
- Sample group of subjects from pop.
12Vocabulary Knowing these will help you
understand the problems.
- Stratified sample divide by characteristic and
sample within strata. - Systematic sample number subjects and select
every kth subject. - Variable characteristic or attribute that can
assume different values. - ? (means to add whatever is to the right of the
symbol).