Genetically Modified Organisms and DNA Technology

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Genetically Modified Organisms and DNA Technology

• Section 13.3 13.4

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Genetically Modified Organisms

• Any organism that has acquired one or more genes
  by artificial means
• Engineered to have desirable traits
• GM Plants? grow bigger, pest resistant, ripen
  later
• GM Animals ?harder than GM plants

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• Transgenic? source of new DNA is a different
  species
• Fluorescent Zebra Fish

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Products from GMO

• Genetically modified bacteria
• can break down certain chemicals
• help to clean up toxic waste sites.
• are mass-producing useful chemicals, from
  pesticides to therapeutic drugs ?Insulin,
  Vaccines

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GMO Controversy

• Should plants and animals be genetically
  modified?
• Should consumers be made aware of this?
• Will this harm the ecosystem?

GM Sunflower
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Cloning

• Making an exact copy of an entire genome

dolly
Nucleus from an adult is inserted Into an
unfertilized egg
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DNA Technologies Changing the way Society Solves
Problems

• Section 13.4

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DNA Technologies

• PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) technique that
  makes many copies of a certain segment of DNA
• Requires no living cells
• Allows further analysis
• only a tiny amount

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PCR
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Comparing DNA

• Scientists often compare DNA from different
  sources
• Gel electrophoresis

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Genetic Markers

• Particular sections of the genome that vary

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DNA fingerprinting

• DNA fingerprint is the same for every cell,
  tissue, and organ of a person. It cannot be
  altered by any known treatment.
• Is rapidly becoming the primary method for
  identifying and distinguishing among individual
  human beings.

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