Agaricales sensu lato gilled mushroom taxonomy

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Agaricales sensu lato (gilled mushroom) taxonomy

• Macroscopic characters (Arora, p.17)
• Shape of the cap
• Attachment of the gills to the stalk
• Shape of the stalk
• Position of the stalk
• use the glossary !!!!!

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3 major characters for families of gilled
mushrooms

• Spore color
• Gill attachment
• Veil

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Spore color
Light spore print white, yellow, pink Dark spore
print black, purple, brown, red,rust, green
www.nifg.org.uk/recording_tips.htmHOW20TO20TAKE
20A20SPORE20PRINT
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Assuming spore color without spore print

• Gill color Cap
  Stalk (veil)

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Gill attachment - free

• Amanita Pluteus

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Gill attachment - decurrent

• Clitocybe

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Gill attachment - adnate to adnex
Russula
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Veil tissues Universal Partial None
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Partial veil universal veil

• Amanita

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Partial veil

• Agaricus

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Universal veil remnants volva scales

• from Arora (p. 264)

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Partial veil remnant - annulus

• from Arora (p. 312)

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Veil remnants on margin of cap

• Stropharia

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Agaricales

• Light-spored Dark-spored
• Amanitaceae Agaricaceae
• Hygrophoraceae Coprinaceae
• Lepiotaceae Cortinariaceae
• Pleurotaceae Entolomataceae
• Tricholomataceae Pluteaceae
• Strophariaceae

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Amanitaceae

• Spore print white
• /- amyloid spores
• Gill free
• Veil universal
• partial veil

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AmanitaceaeAmanita

• Universal partial veil Universal
  veil only

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Lepiotaceae

• Spore white (or greenish)
• dextrinoid spores
• Gill free
• Partial veil

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LepiotaceaeLepiota

• Spore
• white dextrinoid

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Tricholomataceae

• Spore white yellowish
• pinkish lilac
• /- amyloid spores
• Gill attached
• /- partial veil
• the largest and the most diverse family of
  pale-spored agarics

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TricholomataceaeMycena

• Spore white
• Small fruiting body
• Gregarious
• No veil
• Cap bell-shaped,
• margin rarely incurved

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TricholomataceaeArmillaria

• Spore white (to yellowish)
• Cap w/ dark scales or hairs
• Tough, fibrous stalk
• Stalk base yellow
• Cottony veil

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TricholomataceaeClitocybe

• Spore white (to yellowish or pinkish)
• Decurrent gills
• No veil
• Cap often funnel-shaped at maturity
• Aromatic

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Hygrophoraceae - waxy caps

• Spore white
• Gill usually attached, waxy, well spaced
• partial veil absent, if present
• evanescent

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Hygrophorus
www.infochembio.ethz.ch/links/mykologie_hygrophora
ceae.html

• medium to large fruiting bodies, white to pallid
• dry to viscid, waxy caps
• gills adnate to decurrent

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Hygrocybe
www.infochembio.ethz.ch/links/mykologie_hygrophora
ceae.html

• small fruiting bodies, brightly colored
• dry to viscid, waxy caps
• gills free, adnex (rarely decurrent) waxy
• stalk similar to cap, hollow

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Pleurotaceae

• Spore white
• stipe - lateral to absent
• Gills attached
• /- Partial veil

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Agaricaceae

• Spore chocolate brown
• Gill free
• Partial veil

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AgaricaceaeAgaricus

• Gills white pink chocolate brown

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Cortinariaceae

• Spore brown to orange
• Gill attached
• /- partial veil, /- universal veil
• Like their white-spored counterparts, the
  Tricholomataceae, they are a vast, diverse, and
  baffling group

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CortinariaceaeCortinarius

• Partial veil
• cobwebby fibers
• cortina
• Universal veil, but no volva

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CortinariaceaeInocybe

• Cap umbonate
• dry silky
• No distinct annulus
• Smell (green corn)

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CortinariaceaeHebeloma

• Cap viscid
• Veil absent
• Smell (radish-like)

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Strophariaceae

• Spore purplish brown black
• (or brown)
• Gill attached
• Partial veil

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StrophariaceaeStropharia

• Cap bright color, viscid
• Annulus or fringe
• Typically not caespitose

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StrophariaceaeHypholoma

• Formerly Neamatoloma
• Cap bright color, not viscid
• No distinct annulus
• Caespitose on wood (cespitose)

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Coprinaceae

• Spore black (or deep brown)
• Gill free or attached
• /- partial veil

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CoprinaceaeCoprinus

• Autodigesting gills
• Translucent-striate cap

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Entolomataceae

• Spore pink (to reddish)
• Gill attached
• Veil absent

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EntolomataceaeEntoloma

• Angular spores
• Stalk often twisted, fibrous

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Pluteaceae

• Spore pink (to reddish)
• Gill free
• /- universal veil

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PluteaceaePluteus

• On wood
• No veil
• Cystidia on gills

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Other gilled fungi

• Russulales
• Boletales
• Cantharellales

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Russulales
Russulaceae

• Spore white yellowish
• amyloid spores
• Gill attached
• Veil absent

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RussulaceaeRussula

• Fruiting body brittle
• stalk snaps open cleanly like a piece of chalk
• Spore
• strongly amyloid
• w/ ornamentation

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RussulaceaeLactarius

• like a piece of chalk
• Strongly amyloid spores
• with ornamentation
• Latex /- color change

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Boletales

• Boletaceae
• Suillaceae
• Gomphidiaceae
• Paxillaceae

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BoletaceaeBoletus

• Reticulate (netted) stalk
• Base of the stalk conspicuously bulbous
• Blueing reaction

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SuillaceaeSuillus

• Slimy cap
• Partial veil
• Radially arranged pores
• Stalk with glandular dots

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Gomphidiaceae

• Spore smoky gray (to black)
• Gill decurrent
• Partial veil

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GomphidiaceaeGomphidius

• Cap slimy
• Veil slimy
• Gills whitish when young, becoming smoky gray
• Base of the stalk
• bright yellow

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GomphidiaceaeChroogomphus

• Cap not slimy
• Veil not slimy, inconspicuous annulus
• Gills orangish when young

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Paxillaceae

• Spore yellowish to brown
• (rarely white)
• Gill decurrent forked or veined
• Veil absent

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Paxillus

• enrolled margin
• hairy or velvet stalk
• often cross-walls
• between gills

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PaxillaceaeHygrophoropsis
false chanterelle On wood Spore white,
dextrinoid
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Cantharellaceae

• Spore white yellowish, smooth
• Decurrent gills
• gills broad, forked, shallow

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CantharellaceaeCantharellus

• chanterelle
• Stalk solid firm

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CantharellaceaeCraterellus

• black trumpet
• stalk hollow
• hymenium smooth to
• wrinkled