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Soils role in filtration of groundwater

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Soil can trap particles as small as 1 micron which includes harmful parasitic protozoans ... is more like the water in a sponge, held within the tiny pores of the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Soils role in filtration of groundwater


1
Soils role in filtration of groundwater
  • Jaden Boren
  • Jessica Helm

2
How soil filters
  • The soil acts like a big strainer trapping
    particles as the water moves through the soil
  • Soil can trap particles as small as 1 micron
    which includes harmful parasitic protozoans
  • Vegetation trapped dissolved metals like iron and
    zinc
  • Clay has an electrochemical attraction to water
    and can lock up chemicals on their surface

3
Water-bearing rocks
  • Sedimentary deposits (sand and gravel)
  • Channels in carbonate rocks (limestone)
  • Lava tubes or cooling fractures in igneous rocks
  • Fractures in hard rocks

4
The importance of groundwater
  • Groundwater accounts for more than 95 of all
    fresh water available for use
  • 50 of Americans obtain all or part of their
    drinking water from groundwater
  • About half of irrigated cropland uses groundwater
  • About 40 of river flow nationwide (on average)
    depends on groundwater

5
Types of aquifers
  • Aquifer underground layers of porous rock that
    are saturated from above or from structures, its
    capacity is determined by the porosity of the
    subsurface material and its area.
  • Confined aquifers are (known as artesian or
    pressure aquifers) exist where groundwater system
    is between layers of clay, dense rock and other
    materials with low permeability
  • Unconfined aquifers water in unconfined
    aquifers may have arrived recently by percolating
    through the land surface

6
The Making of Ground Water
  • Some water evaporates from the earths surface
    into the air or is returned to the earths
    atmosphere
  • Some infiltrates into the ground. There it
    follows various pathways to the surface as
    springs, move into surface water, or recharge
    ground water deeper in the earth
  • Ground water can move into large underground
    natural storage areas known as aquifers and
    artesian wells

7
Groundwater misconceptions
  • It is a common misconception that groundwater is
    like an underground river like those that form
    limestone caverns.
  • In reality groundwater is more like the water in
    a sponge, held within the tiny pores of the
    surrounding aquifer material
  • For water to move freely through a rock, the
    pores and/or fractures must be large enough and
    connected enough so that the friction from the
    water moving past the rock particles does not
    impede flow

8
Groundwater Management Practices
  • Zoning Districts
  • Groundwater recharge
  • Pollutant reduction
  • Pollution prevention
  • Management Practices
  • Artificial wetlands, Grass lined channels, Ponds,
    Subsurface drains, Infiltration trenches.
  • Buffer strips, Filter strips, Riparian zones.
  • Soil nitrate testing, integrated pest management,
    manure testing ,abandoned wells closure
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