GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU

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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU WATER RESOURCES
ORGANISATION
Water Resources Management By Er.Deenadayalan, Eng
ineer in-Chief (Rtd.) State Planning Commission


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MAP OF INDIA
TAMIL NADU
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TAMIL NADU STATE

• Total Geographical Area 13.01 M Ha. (4.0 of
  India)
• Water Resources 4.49 M.Ha.m (3.0 of India)
• Population as on 2001 62.11 M (6.4
  of India)
• Districts 29
• Taluks 206
• Blocks (Revenue) 385
• Villages 17,273
• River Basins 17

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Geographical Area 0.13 million sq.km Length of
Coast line 980 KMPopulation 1991 2001 55
.9 Million 62.1 MillionDensity 429 /
sq.km 477 / sq.kmRural Population 36.8
Million 34.9 Million Urban Population 19.1
Million 27.2 Million
TAMIL NADUArea and Population (1991 and 2001
Census)
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Surface Water 853.0 TMCGround Water 733.4
TMCTotal 1586.4 TMCSurface Water
Utilized 95Exploitation of Ground Water
78Average Rainfall 979 mm
WATER POTENTIAL
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GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT (AS ON JANUARY 1998)

• Net Annual Groundwater available 733.4 TMC
• Groundwater Draft for all uses 608.5
  TMC
• Net Groundwater available for
• future irrigation development
  124.9 TMC
• Under Approval by G.O.I.

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CHANGE IN AVAILABILITY OF GROUNDWATER IN TAMIL
NADU
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Sectoral Water Demand in TMC
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Supply-Demand Gap in 2001 and 2050
in TMC
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Reduction in Per Capita Availability of Water in
Tamil Nadu
Minimum requirement as per World Standards
1000 M3/Year Indian Average for 2001 1820
M3/Year
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Source-wise Net Area Irrigated in Tamil Nadu
Year Net Area Irrigated (Lakhs Ha.) Net Area Irrigated (Lakhs Ha.) Net Area Irrigated (Lakhs Ha.) Net Area Irrigated (Lakhs Ha.) Net Area Irrigated (Lakhs Ha.)
Year Tanks Canals Wells Others Total
1960s 9.36 8.82 5.98 0.46 24.62
1970s 8.98 8.84 7.75 0.35 25.92
1980s 5.90 8.89 10.67 0.24 25.70
1990s 5.31 7.69 10.58 0.14 23.72
1997-98 6.76 8.38 14.12 0.19 29.45
1998-99 6.90 8.34 14.77 0.18 30.19
1999-2000 6.33 8.67 14.54 0.18 29.72
2000-2001 5.89 8.33 14.49 0.16 28.87
 
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WATER MANAGEMENT IN TAMIL NADU
- LAND MARKS
1. Development through Five Year Plans
1951 1.1 M Ha.of Irrigated Area 1.1 M Ha.of Irrigated Area 1.1 M Ha.of Irrigated Area
1951 to 1990 (40 years) 1.46 M Ha. of Irrigated Area 1.46 M Ha. of Irrigated Area 1.46 M Ha. of Irrigated Area
1990 to 1997 (7 years) 1.472 M.Ha. of Irrigated Area 1.472 M.Ha. of Irrigated Area 1.472 M.Ha. of Irrigated Area
2. River Boards Act (Govt. of India) 1956
3. Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project 1995 - Introduction of PIM WUA 1995 - Introduction of PIM WUA 1995 - Introduction of PIM WUA
4. Tamil Nadu Hydrology Project 1995 Water resources data collection, analysis, storage dissemination 1995 Water resources data collection, analysis, storage dissemination 1995 Water resources data collection, analysis, storage dissemination
5. Tamil Nadu Farmers Management of Irrigation Systems Act 2000 2000
6. Formation of River Basin Management Boards (for Palar Tambaraparani Basins) 2001 2001
7. Rationalization of Water Cess 2002 2002
8. Tamil Nadu Groundwater Development Management Act 2003 2003
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WATER RESOURCES ORGANISATION
RECENT PERFORMANCE
1. Rehabilitation of 556 Tanks with European Economic Community Assistance Introduction of Water Users Association (Preliminary Level) 1984 - 1999
2. Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project Rehabilitation and Modernization of 16 Irrigation Systems and 25 Minor Systems with Farmers Turnover Completion of 9 held up Irrigation Schemes Rehabilitation of 620 Rainfed Tanks Dam Safety works in 5 Dams Modernizing Traditional Irrigation Management Practices 1566 Nos of WUAs have been formed by democratic process over 7 lakh Ha. In 17 districts. Well census has been completed for entire State. Model Multi Disciplinary Project has been executed in Hanumanadhi Basin. 1995 - 2004
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WATER RESOURCES ORGANISATION
FUTURE CHALLENGES AND PLAN OF ACTION

1. Integrated Multi sectoral approach with Basin
   Concept
2. Rehabilitation of left over portion of Reservoirs
   Canals
3. Rehabilitation of about 6000 Nos. of System /
   Non-System Tanks and other irrigation structures
   in all basins except Cauvery
4. Farmers Organization and Turnover
5. Formation of River Basin Organization in other
   Basins of Tamil Nadu
6. Strengthening of River Basin Organization
7. Implementation of new irrigation schemes to
   utilize leftover potential
8. Water Planning at micro level
9. Research and Development by formation of research
   foundation
10. Documentation of memoirs for all water resource
    structures
11. Strengthening quality control and designs
    organization
12. Conjunctive use of ground surface water in
    selected basins
13. Optimizing the productivity of water involving
    agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry,
    fisheries etc Sectors

Project Concept Document under discussion stage
for the successor Project with World Bank
assistance
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REFORMS IN WATER POLICY PLANNING IN TAMIL NADU.

• Institute for Water Studies established in 1974
  to Plan, assess and manage water resources in
  Tamil Nadu in a scientific manner.
• It is a multi-disciplinary applied research
  organization headed by the Director in the rank
  of a Chief Engineer

• OBJECTIVES
• To Develop broad principles for Planning and
  Management of Water
• Assistance in the formulation of Water Management
  Policies.
• Undertaking research and development in Planning
  and Policy besides co-ordinating the efforts that
  is already underway.
• Development of training programmes in Water
  Planning and Policy making.
• Advise on specific policy matters referred such
  as Water allocation principles, merits of water
  utility schemes to Government.
• FUNCTIONS
• Assessment of Water potential
• Evaluation of water needs, present and future
• Preparation of master plans for Water usage river
  basin wise
• Effective dissemination of information to user
  institutions.

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RIVER BASINS IN TAMIL NADU
PALAR
TAMBARAPARANI
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River Basin Management and Development Boards

• River Boards Act 1956,
• Revised National Water Policy 2002
• Revised State Water Policy 2002
• River Basin Management and Development Boards for
  Palar and Tambaraparani Basins were constituted
• in line with the State Water Policy
• Boards will be formed for other basins in due
  course.
• Organizational and functional aspects of first
  two River Basin Management and Development Boards
  follow.

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FORMATION OF RIVER BASIN ORGANISATIONS

• River Basin Management Boards headed by the
  Minister for Water Resources are to address
  issues on allocation and management of water
  among sectors stakeholders besides approval of
  new schemes.
• A Basin Management Committee headed by the
  Minister WR consisting of Line Departments,
  elected representatives of Public and key Stake
  Holder Representatives.
• Technical Secretariat in Chennai headed by the
  Director, Water Institute, initially, so as to
  act independently till the infrastructure
  facilities are created at the Basin Headquarters
  
• The River Basin Management and Development Board
  with Basin Management Committees and Technical
  Secretariat for Palar and Tambaraparani River
  Basins formed on 12.01.2001.

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Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project
1995 to 2004 OBJECTIVES

1. Introduce water resources planning by river
   basins across all uses of water.
2. Improve agricultural productivity through
   modernization and completion of irrigation
   systems, upgraded water management and farmer
   participation.
3. Assure sustainability of water infrastructure and
   the environment.
4. Improve institutional and technical capability
   for managing the states water resources.

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1. IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY TROUGH
   MODERNIZATION

• 1965 Water Users Associations (WUAs) were formed
  out of which 1566 WUAs grouped for conducting
  elections and elections completed.
• TNFMIS Act enacted and rules framed.
• National level workshop conducted on FOT in
  August 2001 at Madurai
• Irrigated Agriculture Intensification Programme
  (IAIP) carried out in coordination with DOA, AED
  and TNAU
• Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, cropping
  pattern changes, marketing facilities, increasing
  fish culture etc., were advocated with multi
  sectoral approach.

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1. IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY TROUGH
   MODERNIZATION . (Contd,,)

• Agriculture Pumpset Efficiency Study taken up
  through Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.
• Analytical procedure and sample finalisation for
  estimation of energy consumption by unmetered
  consumers.
• A feasibility study on improving efficiency in
  Agricultural pumpsets.
• TNEB is taking follow up action based on the
  recommendation of the above studies with the
  Central Assistance
• Relevant Research Studies related to Agriculture
  Productivity and Water Management undertaken
  under WRRF.

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1. ASSURE SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND
   THE ENVIRONMENT

• b) Environment
• Environmental Planning Framework developed.
• Three Environmental Cell Divisions and an unit
  are exclusively created to look after the
  activities on environmental issues.
• The incremental cost for these Cells are to be
  reimbursed to encourage the State Government to
  continue the environmental activities
• Environmental Planner and Economist were engaged
  in Environmental Cells for guiding Environmental
  activities.
• Environmental Economist is now working in
  Technical Secretariat of River Basin Boards to
  look after the Environmental issues in assessing
  basin planning.
• Environmental Sub Committee under the
  Chairmanship of Secretary, PWD is often meeting
  to share others experiences.
• Micro level and macro level studies for river
  basins (except Cauvery) formulated, through
  consultancy services in coordination with cell
  divisions.

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1. ASSURE SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND
   THE ENVIRONMENT (Contd..)

• b) Environment (Contd..)
• Pilot studies on various environmental issues
  (water hyacinth, sago industry, Tannery, Textile
  effluents etc) undertaken to evolve various
  suggestions and remedial measures.
• Research studies like weed growth, reuse of
  treated water, role of citizens etc., were also
  taken up under WRRF.
• Studies were carried out for enhancing the
  application of modern equipments like GIS/Remote
  Sensing etc in Water Planning and adequate
  training imparted to core group
• Environmental Impact Assessment Studies were also
  done. (Shenbagathope Reservoir, Malattar Anicut
  etc)

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• IMPROVE INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITY
  FOR MANAGING THE STATES WATER RESOURCES
• Bifurcated PWD into WRO and B.O., WRO is headed
  by Engineer-in-Chief.
• Management of field activities are decentralised
  through establishment of 4 Regional Chief
  Engineers. (Basin Managers) with boundaries of
  River Basin or Group of Basins. (Chennai, Trichy,
  Madurai and Pollachi)
• Specialised Units each headed by Chief Engineer
  on the fields Plan Formulation, Design Research
  and Construction Support, Operation and
  Maintenance, State Ground and Surface Water
  Resources Data Centre, Water Planning and
  Training Activities as functional unit have been
  established to strengthen the respective activity
  effectively.
• Special unit for LAER programme formed in PWD
  Secretariat headed by a Special Officer
  exclusively to deal L.A. and R.R. activities.

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FUTURE VISION

• Concepts bringing in revolutionary and sweeping
  reforms are to be developed based on State
  Framework for Water Planning, and the need and
  the role of the Stakeholders.
• Framework for new project with this concept
  including Social and Environmental Assessment is
  being prepared to improve the water sector.
• Irrigation efficiency is to be enhanced from 40
  to 60 and productivity increased in all River
  Basins including Cauvery Basin.

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Evolution of MDP

• Multi Disciplinary Project (MDP) with Integrated
  Water Resources Management (IWRM) Concepts
  involving the following Departments
• Water Resources Organisation
• Agricultural Engg
• Agriculture
• TNAU.
• Agri Marketing
• Horticulture
• Animal Husbandry and Fisheries
• Environment Forests
• Social Welfare
• has been formulated and executed at a cost of
  around Rs.50 Cr.

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River basins of Tamilnadu
Hanumandhi river
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POTENTIAL AVAILABLE IN GROUND WATER PRESENT
EXTRACTION

• 
  Potential Extraction
• (in
  mcft) (in mcft)
  
• Shencottah Block 1700 75
• Tenkasi Block 2200 125
• 3900
  200

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Options

• To go for rain water harvesting
• To introduce micro irrigation with fertigation in
  a larger scale
• To introduce high tech farming with post harvest
  techniques
• To ensure protection of farm produce till it
  reaches the consumers.

• Consumption of Water for Agriculture is 80
• This has to be reduced by adopting conveyance
  efficient
• techniques.
• Like Micro irrigation, Pressure irrigation and
  flow irrigation
• using pipes
• Increase the storage condition of aquifer by
  providing farm
• ponds and rejuvenation of wells etc
• Using cropping practices, tilling practices, to
  reduce water consumption
• Increasing the yield per ha by using less water.

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WATER BALANCE - PRE PROJECT
WORKING TABLE(Figures in Mcft)
conjunctive
Total
Total
Through
Irrigation
Use of
with
Surplus
Deficit
water
surface
Requirement
Ground
Drawal
Available
Inflow
water
451Or 0.451 TMC
2119
200
2319
2770
2319
Introduction of crop diversification by intensity
and pattern has been done and productivity
increased while ensuring equity for the entire
ayacut under 14 anicuts.
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Irrigation Efficiency
Pre Project
Post Project
Remarks
20 Increased by the
Remodelling the system
Conveyance Efficiency
70
90
and conveyance of water
through pipes
20 Increased by
adopting modern
Field Application efficiency
55
75
techniques like Drip and
sprinkler Irrigation
Overall Irrigation
Overall Irrigation Efficiency (conveyance field
application )
efficiency increases by
29
38.50
67.50
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CROP WATER REQUIREMENT (POSTPROJECT)
Rate of
Classification
Extent
requirement
Requiremenmt
and crops
Acre
or (Duty)
Mcft
Ac/ Mcft
Annual (Jan-Dec)
Coconut
1500
6.4
234.38
Sugarcane
500
6.4
78.13
Banana
1500
6.4
234.38
Turmeric
(intercrop)
1500
10
150.00
Pisanam (Oct-Jan)
Paddy
3250
8
406.25
Onion
1500
20
75.00
Chilly
1000
20
50.00
Vegetable
750
20
37.50
III CROP in the existing ayacut(Feb-April)
Pulses
5500
20
275
Vegetables
1000
10
100
Kar (May-Sep)
Paddy
6500
8
812.50
New Extent
Annual crop
1. Banana
500
6.4
78.13
2. Grass
1000
10
100.00
3. Nelli
500
10
50.00
4.Suppottah
500
10
50.00
Total
2731.26 Mcft
or
2.731 TMC ft.
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BENEFITS
Pre-project
Post-project
Increase
IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY
38.50
67.50
() 29
INTENSITY OF IRRIGATION
210
312
() 102
FOOD PRODUCTION (in tonnes)
62700
97300
() 34600
AYACUT BENEFITTED in Ha.
4000
5000
() 1000
VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
2331
6354
() 4023
COST OF CULTIVATION
1141
2748
() 1607
NET VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
1190
3608
() 2418
Cropping Intensity increases from 185 to 315
Economical Rate Of Return - 25
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ACHIEVEMENTS

• The overall Irrigation Efficiency increased.
• Socio-economic status of the farmers improved by
  means of increasing the farm productivity
  marketing facilities.
• Farm pump sets efficiency increased
• Poverty alleviation improved Social status
• The 5 tail end anaicuts get assured water and
  equity ensured in the basin while increasing
  efficiency of 9 upstream anaicuts.

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WELL CENSUS UNDER GROUNDWATER (DEVELOPMENT
MANAGEMENT) ACT 2003

• TO CREATE A DATABASE OF ALL THE WELLS (Domestic
  Agriculture) IN THE STATE, FOR THE
  IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TAMILNADU GROUNDWATER
  (DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT) ACT 2003 THROUGH THE
  PROPOSED TAMILNADU GROUNDWATER REGULATORY
  AUTHORITY.
• TO FACILITATE DECISION MAKING FOR SUSTAINABLE
  DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE GROUNDWATER
  RESOURCES OF THE STATE.

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STATUS OF WELL CENSUS IN HANUMANNADHI SUB BASIN
BLOCK No of Villages in Block No of Villages Surveyed No of Wells
TENKASI 16 12 4,568
SHENKOTTAI 20 15 3,292
KEELAPAVOOR 17 6 2,464
KADAYANALLUR 17 10 2035
TOTAL 70 43 12,359
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UTILITY OF WELL CENSUS IN HANUMANNADHI SUB BASIN

• DATA ARE BEING ENTERED IN THE INHOUSE DEVELOPED
  DATA ENTRY SOFTWARE, WELLIS, AT FIELD OFFICES.
• THE DATA WILL BE STORED IN THE CENTRAL DATA
  STORAGE CENTRE, AT TARAMANI, CHENNAI.
• WELL DATA WILL BE STUDIED IN CONJUCTION WITH DATA
  OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES.
• THE INFORMATION WILL BE SHARED WITH LINE
  DEPARTMENTS AND USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
  SUB BASIN.

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WELL DATA ENTRY FORM IN WELLIS
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DRIP IRRIGATION LAY OUT
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Advantages of Micro Irrigation

• ADVANTAGES
• Low Application Rate
• Uniformity of Water Application
• Precision Placement of Water
• Efficient Fertilizer and Chemical Application
• Better Control of Root Zone Environment
• Crop Yield Enhancement
• Quality Improvement of Produce
• Improved Disease Control
• Discourages Weed Growth
• Effective Saving of Irrigation Water
• Lesser use of Power
• Reduced Labour Costs
• Suitable for Difficult Land Terrain
• Ideal for Marginal Lands
• Maintains Soil Health
• Suitable for inferior quality water.

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Water Savings - Comparison

• Conveyance efficiency Open field channels 70
• Piped distribution 80 - 85
• Field application efficiency Surface methods 50
• (Irrigation Efficiency) Sprinkler 70 Micro-Ir
  rigation 80 - 90
• Overall efficiency Surface methods 35 Sprinkl
  er 57 Micro Irrigation 70

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Components of an Irrigation System

• Drippers/ Emitters
• Emitting Pipes Fittings.
• Micro Sprinkler Sprayers.
• Impact Floppy Sprinklers.
• Filtration Units.
• Fertigation Equipments.
• Control Valves.
• Poly Tubes Fittings.
• PVC Pipes Fittings.
• Quick Release Coupling (QRC) Pipes Fittings.
• HDPE Pipes Compression Fittings.

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Rain Water Harvesting

• Rain water harvested per pond
• 30mx30mx1.5m
• 2700 cu m (in two fillings)
• 300 ponds
• Total water harvested in the field
• 0.81 MCM.
• The benefit of recharging ground water spread to
  300 sites at Rs 90 lakhs to harvest rain water in
  the command area.

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Recharging of Wells

• Increases ground water potential.
• Water available for pumping for more no. of days
• Improves the aquifers of near by wells also.
• The works are
• Raising the bund height across the slope,
• Provide farm pit/ check dam to store water near
  well,
• Allow surface run-off to enter the well through
  field channels to enter the well from the filter
  pit.
• Renovation of side walls if they are badly
  damaged
• Boring in wells horizontal or vertical holes to
  tap the water from the weathered zone to improve
  the water level,this ensures less pumping hours
  and thus reduction in consumption of electricity.
• 200 wells are suggested at Rs 40 lakhs _at_
  Rs.20000/well

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PROMOTING TISSUE CULTURE BANANA - 75 Ha. _at_
Rs.25,000 per Ha. - Rs.18.75 lakhs
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PROMOTION OF HYBRID/HIGH YIELDING VEGETABLES -
400 Ha. _at_ Rs.4000/Ha. - Rs.16 lakhs
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Goat rearing by SHG Women
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Leaf Stretching by SHG Women
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Flower cultivation by SHG Women
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Coconut thatch - leaf making
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Paddy planting by SHG Women
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Vegetable cultivation by SHG Women
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Vegetable plucking by SHG Women
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CONCLUSION

• All the Line Departments in Water Sector were
  co-ordinated and the Project executed in all
  disciplines simultaneously.
• The much awaited crop diversification by way of
  improved water efficiency and conjunctive use
  achieved.
• Equity in utilising the water resources has been
  ensured for the entire basin.
• The GOI Consultant visited the Project Area and
  complimented it as an excellent job.
• The follow on Project for all the river basins is
  contemplated for execution in the above lines.