ICT for Development: Who

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ICT for DevelopmentWhos Doing What?

• Thomas Kalil
• September 10, 2003

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Who is doing what on ICT4D? (1)

• Huge variety of actors
• International organizations
• Developed and developing country governments
• Multinationals and local (developing country)
  firms
• Foundations, non-governmental organizations,
  social enterprises
• Research community, higher education

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Who is doing what on ICT4D? (2)

• What are the capabilities, agendas, and
  limitations of these different organizations?
• What is their level and duration of commitment to
  ICT4D
• What is the right division of labor?
• Possible partnerships between different actors

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UN ICT Task Force (1)

• Developing country participation in setting ICT
  policy
• Shortage of experts
• Low-cost connectivity
• Free or reduced cost access from satellites and
  intl cables
• National and regional Internet exchange points

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UN ICT Task Force (2)

• Support for developing country entrepreneurship
• Human resource development
• National and regional e-strategies

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World Bank (1)

• U.N. specialized agency
• Mission is to reduce global poverty
• In 2002 provided 19.5 billion, mostly in loans
• 1,800 projects in more than 100 countries
• 10,000 staff

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World Bank as knowledge bank (2)

• Vision
• Capture and organize knowledge and experience
  from staff, clients, partners
• Share that information as widely as possible
• Put knowledge on par with money
• Become the first resource anyone would contact
  for information on development

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World Bank (3)

• 100 thematic communities of practice to
  increase knowledge sharing
• Advisory services
• Support for external initiatives such as Latin
  American Urban Network
• Development Gateway
• Capturing and sharing indigenous knowledge

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World Bank (4)

• Critique of Development Gateway
• May undermine other efforts with richer and more
  diverse content
• Overly ambitious
• Reflects biases of the Bank and its shareholders
• Bank not serious about consultation with NGOs

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World Health Organization

• Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative
• 28 publishers, over 2,000 journals
• Free access to public institutions in countries
  w. under 1,000 GNP/capita
• Reduced price for 1,000 - 3,000 GNP/capita

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National e-strategies (1)

• Telecom and IT infrastructure
• Human capacity
• IT workforce
• Local entrepreneurs
• Users
• Public policy
• Competition in telecom Internet services

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National e-strategies (2)

• Environment for private sector
• Access to credit and finance
• Property rights, commercial law
• Access to local and global markets
• Content and applications
• Local language content

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Mozambique (1)

• Profile
• 2X size of California with 17.5 million people
• Life expectancy at birth of 31.3 years
• Civil war from 1977-92
• GDP/capita of 1,000
• 81 percent of labor force in agriculture
• Govt budget of 1 billion foreign aid of 632
  million

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Mozambique (2)

• Telecom/Internet
• 0.44 fixed line penetration
• 0.84 percent mobile penetration
• 60,000 Internet users 80 percent of which are
  in Maputo (capital city)
• Higher education produces 30-40 graduates with IT
  skills

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Mozambique (3)

• Elements of ICT strategy examples
• National Transmission Network
• VSAT stations
• Information systems for HIV/AIDS
• ICT for fighting illiteracy
• Youth Program for Content Development
• Telecom policy reform

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Chile universal access (1)

• Reverse auction to provide rural access for
  minimum subsidy
• Multiple geographic licenses
• One stop process
• Licenses for rural areas combined with other
  attractive opportunities
• Good market research and demand analysis

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Chile universal access (2)

• Supported payphone service to 6,000 villages with
  2.2 million people (1995 2000)
• Reduced population without any access to basic
  voice from 15 to 1
• Over 61 leverage
• Subsidy only 0.3 of telecom revenue

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HP e-inclusion efforts (1)

• E-inclusion allow everyone to access the
  opportunities of the digital age
• Motivation
• New markets, revenue, profit growth
• Establish HP as a leader in an area that also
  demonstrates HPs character
• Global showcase for HPs capabilities in devices,
  infrastructure, and services

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HP Labs India (2)

• Research thrusts
• Novel solutions for networking, esp. rural
• Affordable access devices
• Language technologies and simpler interfaces
• Sustainable business ecologies
• Contextual design

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HP i-community in Kuppam, India (3)

• Access to technology for literacy, income
  generation, expanded access to govt services,
  education, health care
• Kuppam as living lab for unearthing customer
  needs
• Ecosystem of partners (e.g. womens organization
  for digital photography)
• 3-year project to create bias for action

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ITC Ltd. e-Choupal (1)

• Agribusiness selling soybeans, coffee, shrimp,
  wheat
• Has network of Internet kiosks (e-Choupals) in
  rural India that reach 12,000 villages
• Operated by literate farmer elected locally
• Supply chain more efficient results in
  quality and cost savings shared with farmer

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E-Choupal (2)

• Services
• Price information
• Risk management tools
• Weather information
• Best practices on farming, aquaculture
• Soil testing services
• Long-term goal is to reach 10 million farmers in
  100,000 villages

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Infocentros El Salvador (1)

• Current access in El Salvador
• Fewer than 2 PCs for 100 inhabitants
• Less than 1 of the population uses the Internet
• Goal of Infocentros
• Build, operate, franchise 100 telecenters
• Provide access for 1/3 of population
• Make centers profitable in 2yrs

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Infocentros (2)

• Services
• Able to negotiate volume discounts on hardware,
  software, connectivity
• Web hosting, financing, accounting, billing for
  small and medium-sized business
• 8 hrs of computer/Internet training for students
  (Ministry of Education)
• Generation of local content