The Six Kingdoms

1
The Six Kingdoms

• Today, most scientists agree that there are six
  kingdoms of organisms.

2
Life is Diverse

• 1.4 million species of organisms have been named.
• Scientists estimate that there are 30 million
  species of organisms on Earth.
• Scientists also estimate that 30 billion species
  of organisms have existed in Earths history.

3
Why Classify?

• In order to identify a species.
• To show evolutionary relationships between
  species.

4
Two Types of Cells

• Prokaryotes no nucleus to protect DNA
• circular DNA
• Eukaryotes do have a nucleus
• linear DNA

5
2 Ways to Get Food

• Heterotrophs feed on other organisms to get
  food.
• Autotrophs make their own food using solar or
  chemical energy.

6
Archaebacteria

• Prokaryotic cells with cell walls heterotrophs
  autotrophs.
• Live in extreme, oxygen-free environments.
• bacteria at Yellowstone Natl Park
  are famous examples.

Colorful
7
Eubacteria

• Prokaryotic cells with cell walls heterotrophs
  autotrophs.
• Live in most non-extreme habitats.
• E. coli is a famous example.

8
Protists

• Complex, eukaryotic cells.
• Can be uni- or multicellular.
• Any organisms with nuclei that are not fungi,
  plants, or animals are protists. Example
  Euglena.

9
Fungi

• Eukaryotic cells with cell walls.
• Fairly complex, multicellular organisms.
  Example mold.
• Heterotrophic absorb food from their
  surroundings.

10
Plants

• Eukaryotic cells with cell walls.
• Complex, multicellular organisms. Example
  fern.
• Autotrophic make food through photosynthesis.

11
Animals

• Eukaryotic cells without cell walls.
• Complex, multicellular organisms. Example sea
  turtle.
• Heterotrophic must eat food.

12
Comparing the Kingdoms
Kingdom Cell Nucleus? Cell Wall? Make their own food? Complexity
Archae-bacteria No (prokaryotic) Yes Some are autotrophic Usually uniceIlular
Eubacteria No (prokaryotic) Yes Some are autotrophic Usually uniceIlular
Protists Yes (eukaryotic) Some Some are autotrophic Most are uniceIlular
Fungi Yes (eukaryotic) Yes Heterotrophic Multicellular
Plants Yes (eukaryotic) Yes Autotrophic Multicellular
Animals Yes (eukaryotic) No Heterotrophic Multicellular
13
Classifying Humans

• Humans are classified into the animal kingdom.

14
Classifying Humans
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Animal Chordate Mammal Primate Hominid Homo sapiens
15
Classifying other animals