Decomposition

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Decomposition
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Fungal parasites
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Fungi - nematode predators
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Mycorrhizae
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Lichens
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Fungi - human uses

• Yeast for brewing and baking (Saccharomyces
  cerevisiae)
• Medicinals (e.g., penicillin)
• Food (morels, truffles, shitakes, button
  mushrooms)

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Zygomycota (zygomycetes)

• Examples
• Black bread mold
• (Rhizopus stolonifer)
• Pilobolus
• Insect parasites

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Zygomycota - life cycle
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Ascomycota(Ascomycetes or sac fungi)

• Many are edible (morels, truffles)
• Many yeasts

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Ascomycota(Ascomycetes or sac fungi)

• Many plant pathogens
• Mutualisms (ectomycorrhizae, lichens)

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Ascomycota - Life cycle
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Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes or club fungi)

• Three classes in phylum Basidiomycota
• 1. Basidiomycetes
• Hymenomycetes
• (mushrooms, shelf or bracket fungi)
• Gasteromycetes
• (earth stars, birds nest, puffballs)

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Basidiomycota(Basidiomycetes or club fungi)

• 2) Teliomycetes (rusts)
• 3) Ustomycetes (smuts)

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Basidiomycota - life cycle
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Basidia and basidiospores
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E. Deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti)
1) Grouped by what they dont have sexual
reproduction 2) Reproduction asexual, only by
conidia
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E. Deuteromycetes
3) Examples a) Penicillium -
antibiotics - cheeses (Roquefort, Blue,
Gorgonzola, Camembert, Brie) b)
Aspergillus - fermentation of soybeans --gt
miso, sake, soy sauce - aflatoxins c)
Dermatophytes - athletes foot, jock itch, ring
worm
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A. Lichens, 2.a. Fungal partner
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A. Lichens, 2.b. Photosynthetic partner
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A. Lichens, 2.c. body types

• Foliose
• Crustose
• Fruticose

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A. Lichens, 3.a. Asexual reproduction
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Lichens 5. Ecological importance
a. Rock weathering, soil formation in early
succession
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Lichens 5. Ecological importance
b. Winter food for caribou, reindeer in Arctic
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Lichens 5. Ecological importance
c. Susceptible to pollutants
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B. Mycorrhizae
1. Definition symbiosis between a fungus and a
plant, via roots 2. Nature of the interaction
a. what the plant gets - Nutrients, especially
P - Enhanced water uptake - Protection, in some
cases b. what the fungus gets -
carbohydrates - vitamins
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B. Mycorrhizae
3. Different types a. Endomycorrhizae i.
Partners - Zygomycetes - 80 of all
plants ii. Features - vesicles and
arbuscules - growth into plant cell -
specificity only 200 fungal species
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B. Mycorrhizae
3. Different types b. Ectomycorrhizae i.
Partners - mostly Basidiomycetes, some
Ascomycetes - temperate trees and shrubs
ii. Features - mantle and Hartig net - more
specific 5000 spp. of fungi