DOCUMENTATION

1
DOCUMENTATION

• Poetry

2
Primary sources vs. Secondary sources

• Primary sources are the original work.
• Secondary sources are criticisms or comments on
  the original work. For this essay, we will not
  use any secondary sources.

3
What to use from your source

• Include lines of the poem in your essay to
  support your topic sentence.
• Remember, no quotes should be topic sentences.
  Instead, topic sentences should come from you,
  the essay author.
• Quotes help support your topic sentence.
• No more than 15 percent of any essay should be
  direct quotes, so choose quotes selectively.

4
Integrating quotes

• Dont confuse the author of the poem with the
  speaker. For example, Langston Hughes does not
  have to write a paper for his teacher. Instead,
  the speaker in Hughes poem must write the paper.

5
Integrating quotes

• Remember to comment on any quotes you use. Dont
  assume the reader knows why the quote is
  important to your interpretation.
• Dont drop quotes. Always remember to introduce a
  quote with your words or a signal phrase.
• Never leave a quote standing alone.

6
Use present tense

• Present tense is used when writing about
  literature.
• For example
• The speaker in Theme for English B sees
  similarities between himself and the other
  students in the class.
• The work still exists in the present time.

7
Use short quotes from poems

• Incorporate three or fewer lines from a poem into
  the text of your essay by using quotation marks
  and by indicating line breaks with slashes.
• The change to short sentences shows the Dukes
  abruptness and arrogance. He tells his visitor,
  This grew I gave commands / Then all smiles
  stopped together (lines 45-46).

8
Use line numbers

• Line numbers should be included in parenthesis at
  the end of the sentence or at the end of the
  quotation. The first time a poem is cited use the
  word lines in the parenthesis. After that, just
  use the line numbers.
• See the example in the previous slide.

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Long quotes

• Quotes that are four lines or longer should be
  set off from the rest of the text by indenting
  the long quote one inch and by removing the
  quotation marks. The line numbers go after the
  final mark of punctuation.
• Often, you will lead into the long quote with a
  full sentence and a colon.

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Long quotes continued

• The duke shows his arrogance by being upset with
  his wife over minor offenses
• Sir, twas all one! My favor at her breast
• The dropping of the daylight in the West,
• The bough of cherries some officious fool
• Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule
• She rode with round the terrace all and each
• Would draw from her alike the approving speech.
  (lines 25-30)
• The long quote should be double spaced, just like
  the rest of the essay.

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Leaving lines out

• Use one line of spaced periods to indicate that
  you are leaving a line or more of poetry out of
  your essay.
• My words are nearly always an offense.
• I dont know how to speak of anything
• So as to please you. But I might be taught,
• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  . . . . . . . . .
• A man must partly give up being a man
• With women-folk. (lines 48-53)

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Works Cited

• The Works Cited page should be a separate page at
  the end of your essay.
• The page should be number as one of your essay
  pages. If you essay ends on page 3, your Works
  Cited page header should be your last name and 4.
• Center the heading Works Cited one inch down.
  Double space and then start your entries.

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Works Cited

• Works Cited entries are arranged in alphabetical
  order by the authors last name.
• The first line of each entry is flush left with
  remaining lines of each entry indented one-half
  inch. (Use hanging indent under format,
  paragraph, hanging indent).
• The entire page is double spaced.

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Works Cited

• A correct Works Cited entry for a poem from our
  text is
• Browning, Robert. My Last Duchess. Literature
  and the Writing Process. 7th ed. Eds. Elizabeth
  McMahan, Susan X. Day and Robert Funk. New
  Jersey Prentice Hall, 2005. 559.