Summary of Brush Control Research: Where Has It Led

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Summary of Brush Control Research Where Has It
Led?
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Why Is This Important?

• Miles of Roadway - 44,000
• Big expense
• 27 Million Roadside Vegetation Management
• 18 Million Brush Control
• Diverse Terrain
• Various Species
• Many Options - Equipment, Techniques, Chemistry

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Mechanical versus Herbicides

• 16 M vs. 2 M
• Approximate Costs
• 80.00/ac Weed and Brush Program
• 61.00/ac Brown Brush Cutter
• Optimistic (12 ac/day)
• Still have sprouts to contend with.
• Fits into Mow Less to Mow More
• 1,000-1,200/ac 5 man Clearing Crew

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Bottom Line

• What is the most cost effective program?
• Controlling targets is essential
• 75-90 brush related studies conducted during
  history of project.
• Learned something. Each built on last.

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Bottom Line

• What is the most cost effective program?
• Controlling targets is essential
• 75-90 brush related studies conducted during
  history of project.
• Learned something. Each built on last.

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Herbicide Application Methods

• High Volume Foliar
• Low Volume Foliar
• Basal Bark Treatments
• Dormant Stem Treatments
• Cut Surface Treatments
• Others

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High Volume Foliar

• Works, is necessary for some situations.
• Investigated Krenite, Arsenal, Escort, Garlon,
  and Roundup.
• Reviewed control by species, carrier volume,
  carrier type, understory damage, adding
  surfactants.

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High Volume Foliar

• Works, is necessary for some situations.
• Investigated Krenite, Arsenal, Escort, Garlon,
  and Roundup.
• Reviewed control by species, carrier volume,
  carrier type, understory damage, adding
  surfactants.

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High Volume Foliar (cont.)Using Krenite S

• Adding Arsenal, Escort, Garlon, or Roundup to
  Krenite S to pickup misses.
• All help with misses.
• Garlon, Roundup, Escort cause premature brownout.
• Arsenal (at higher rates) or Escort move beyond
  treated branches.
• Krenite S/Arsenal Safety to Groundcover
• Krenite S Incr. GPA, Incr. understory damage.
• 2 oz/ac Arsenal safe on creeping red and tall
  fescue, but harms hard fescue.
• 4 oz/ac Arsenal damages all three.

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High Volume Foliar (cont.)Using Garlon 4

• Garlon 4 (2 or 4 qts) no different than 6 qts
  Krenite S alone.
• Controlling resprouts after brushing
• 2 qts/ac Garlon 4 best

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High Volume FoliarWhat works?

• 4-6 qts Krenite 1-4 oz Arsenal
• 6 qts Krenite S 1 oz Arsenal
• 2 qts Garlon 4 0.5 oz Escort
• 4 qts glyphosate 4 oz Arsenal
• Add 0.25 surfactant

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Low Volume Foliar
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Low Volume Foliar

• First looked at in 1991 while comparing triclopyr
  formulations.
• 2 qts/ac Garlon 4 showed greater control than 6
  qts/ac Krenite S.

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Low Volume Foliar (cont.)

• Little difference in control between 4 and 6
  qts/ac Krenite S when 4 oz/ac Arsenal added.
• Even 3 qts/ac Krenite S 4 oz/ac Arsenal worked
  well in demos. 15 GPA (5 Krenite S 0.25
  Arsenal).
• 2.5 qts/ac glyphosate 4 oz/ac Arsenal performs
  well.
• 2 qts/ac glyphosate alone excelled in several
  trials.

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Low Volume Foliar (cont.)

• Using backpack Sprayers
• Solo 475 (diaphragm) not 425 (piston)
• Birchmeier
• ULV wands with adjustable conejet nozzles.
• Y-2 and X-6 tips deliver 30-35 ft. reach

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Solo 425 vs. 475 Backpack Sprayer
GOOD
BAD
Solo 475 Diaphragm
Solo 425 Piston
Images courtesy of www.epinions.com
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Low Volume Foliar (cont.)

• Using backpack Sprayers
• Solo 475 (diaphragm) not 425 (piston)
• Birchmeier
• ULV wands with adjustable conejet nozzles.
• Y-2 and X-6 tips deliver 30-35 ft. reach

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Low Volume Foliar Truck Based

• Injection systems
• Eliminate mixing.
• Adjust mix on the fly.
• Norstar Heads vs. Cibolo vs. radiarc
• Norstar and Cibolo offer adjustable patterns
  while applying.
• All offer acceptable low volume, truck-based
  brush control.

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Spray Heads
www.waldrumspecialties.com
www.norstarind.com
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What Works with Low Volume?

• Backpacks
• 5 Krenite S 0.5 Arsenal
• 5 Glyphosate 0.5 Arsenal
• Truck-based
• 6 qts Krenite S 1 oz Arsenal
• 2 qts Garlon 0.5 oz Escort

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Basal Bark Treatments

• Garlon vs other Herbicides
• Access (picloramtriclopyr), Weedone, Banvel 520
• Percentages
• Diluents
• Species
• Translocation
• Timing

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Basal BarkWhat Works?

• 25 Garlon 4 75 Basal Oil
• Target root suckering species mid- to late-
  summer.
• Anticipate foliar treatment next season.

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Dormant Stem Treatments

• 2.5-5 Garlon 2-3 non-ionic surfactant water
  _at_ 110 GPA (95-100 control contacted branches)
  March/April timings
• 4-6 qts/ac Garlon 4 8 qts/ac COC 75GPA
• Black cherry, honeysuckle were missed
• 1996-1999 Accord investigated
• 50 Accord 25surfactant water covered lower
  36 inches of main stem 90 control. G4 not good
  at 5

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Dormant Stem TreatmentsWhat Works?

• Nothing is consistent.
• Problems
• Application Method
• Species
• Timing
• Understory Damage

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Cut Surface Treatments

• Work with Krenite S
• Obtained supplemental labeling.
• Controlling root-suckering species
• Black locust and ailanthus
• Prolific resprouting
• Timing
• Herbicides

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Cut Surface TreatmentsWhat Works?

• 25 Garlon 4 75 Basal Oil
• Use basal oil to extend treatment window
• Safe up to 4 weeks after treatment

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Other

• Injection
• Method Comparison
• Nozzle, Pressure, Drift Control
• Adjuvants
• Ailanthus Conversion
• Sproutless

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Conclusion

• Have a general plan.
• Integrate mowing, brushing, and spray program.
• Look for unique sites. Develop a plan.
• Utilize all the tools available.