Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

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Purple loosestrifeLythrum salicaria
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Purple loosestrifeLythrum salicaria
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Biological Control of Weeds
Classical Biological Control
Exotic Natural Enemy
Exotic Pest
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la leaf beetles
Galerucella pusilla golden loosestrife beetle
Galerucella calmariensis black-margined loosestri
fe beetle
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la pusilla - golden loosestrife beetle
Adult
Egg
Larva
Pupa
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeHylobius
transversovittatus - loosestrife root weevil
Adult
Larval tunnels in root
Larva
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeHylobius
transversovittatus - loosestrife root weevil
Adult
Larval tunnels in root
Larva
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeNanophyes
marmoratus - loosestrife seed weevil
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeAttack
sites
Flowers
Leaves
Roots
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release site at Baskett Slough 7/92
ODA staff setting up release cage
M. Huso, OSU, checks out beetles after release.
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeDamage
by Galerucella beetles
Before
After
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeDamage
to flowering spikes by Galerucella beetles
Before
After
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeDamage
by Galerucella beetles
Before
After
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Biological control of purple loosestrife
Galerucella release site at Baskett Slough
Morgan Lake release site at Baskett Slough 1995
Same site in 1997 after heavy defoliation by
Galerucella
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release site near Adrian 03
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release site near Portland 03
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la damage
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeCollectin
g biocontrol agents
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release site near Ontario 8/94
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release site near Ontario 8/01
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la site near Ontario 8/02
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release site near Ontario 8/01
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la site near Ontario 8/02
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la site near Ontario 8/03
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeBarview
site 8/90 before Galerucella release
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Biological control of purple loosestrife Barview
site 8/01 3 years after Galerucella release
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release site at Garibaldi 8/02
Note some re-growth
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeLoosestri
fe studies at Baskett Slough by Dr. McEvoy, OSU
Cages for studying the effects of the
Galerucella beetles.
Vegetation transects were conducted to monitor
changes in the plant community.
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeSpread
of Galerucella at Morgan Lake, Baskett Slough
PLS Zone
Release site
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeImpact
of Galerucella beetles on loosestrife at Baskett
Slough
(Geometric Mean 95 CI)
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeBaskett
Slough, Morgan Lake release site
Know what happens at your release sites
throughout the year. BCAs need safe
overwintering areas.
Baskett Slough in summer (above) and winter
(below).
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeHylobius
rearing project at ODA greenhouse
PLS harvested in early spring
PLS growing out in pools
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeHylobius
rearing project at ODA greenhouse
Marked adult of captive colony
Dr. McEvoy, OSU, collecting adults
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeHylobius
rearing project at ODA greenhouse
E. Coombs, ODA, looking for adult weevils at night
Heavy damage from illusive adults
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Biological control of purple loosestrifeGalerucel
la release sites (boxes), PLS sites (circles)
1999.
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Purple loosestrife distribution across US
From Thompson et al. 1987
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Preliminary 2001 Vegetation Data
Reed Canary Grass
Purple Loosestrife
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INVASIVES
NATIVES
When invasives thrive - natives suffer!
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LOOSESTRIFE
MOTHS
When invasives thrive - natives suffer!
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Preliminary Conclusions 2001
purple loosestrife
plants and moths

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Preliminary Conclusions
native plants
native moths

reed canary grass
plants and moths

plants and moths

purple loosestrife
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Decline in Loosestrife Abundance at Baskett
Slough NWR (Polk Co.)
Leaf beetles released in 1992
Biomass reduced by 92
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When purple loosestrife goes
in comes reed canary grass.
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August 1999
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August 2000
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1999
2000
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2000
1999
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Selecting release sites
Avoid areas with high fluctuating tides
Lower Columbia River
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Biological control of purple loosestrife
Not a good site - heavily scoured during spring
runoff - scattered small plants
Infestation on Cow Creek, S Umpqua drainage
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Selecting release sites

• GOOD
• Stable water level
• Upper water zone
• Not grazed
• Not sprayed

• BAD
• Lower tidal zone
• Scouring floods
• Floods during growing season
• Grazing
• Mowing Cultivation
• Pesticides
• Heavy shade
• Deep water