Cells

1
Cells
The smallest unit that can carry out all the
activities necessary for life.
2
Robert Hooke

• Published early bestselling science book called
  Micrographia with drawings of what he saw,
  including a bee stinger, a flea, and the cork
  cells

3
Hooke Microscope
4
Hooke Cork Cell Drawing
5
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

• First to observe living cells in pond water.

6
The Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden and Theodor
Schwann (1839)

• 1. All living things are made up of one or more
  cells.
• Schwann all animals
• Schleiden all plants
• 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and
  function of organisms
• 3. New cells come from existing cells by cell
  reproduction
• (Rudolph Virchow)

7
Types of Cells

• Prokaryote
• very small, simple cells, lack nucleus, no
  membrane bound organelles,
• --Which kingdoms?
• Eukaryote
• large, complex cells that contain a nucleus and
  membrane bound organelles which carry out special
  functions.
• --Which kingdoms?

8
Animal Cell
9
Organelles A Cells Laborers

• A specialized membrane-bound compartment that
  carries out one or more specific functions
• Allow specialized activities to be restricted to
  particular places

10
Nucleus control center

• Strux
• Nuclear
• Envelope -
• surrounds the nucleus nuclear pores regulate
  molecules that pass in and out of the nucleus
• Nucleolus site of production of ribosomes
• Chromatin contain DNA

11
Mitochondria Power House

• Strux Slipper-shaped
• Funx Release energy stored in food during cell
  respiration
• In which of our body cells would we have a lot of
  mitochondrion?
• Contain their own DNA

12
Vacuole

• Strux Fluid-filled organelle enclosed by a
  membrane
• Funx Stores food and water
• Much larger in plant cells

13
Lysosomes

• Strux Small, saclike structures surrounded by a
  single membrane.
• Contain digestive enzymes
• Funx
• Digest food in single celled organisms
• break down worn-out organelles suicide sacs
• defend the body by ingesting bacteria and
  viruses
• digest the tadpole tail

14
Ribosomes

• Strux Small poppy seed- like particles
• Found on the endoplasmic reticulum and in the
  cytoplasm
• Funx Produce proteins

15
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Highway system of the cell

• Strux System of fluid-filled canals enclosed by
  membranes.
• Funx
• Internal transport
• Smooth ER produces lipids and detoxifies drugs
  and poisons
• Rough ER lined with ribosomes prepares
  proteins for secretion

16
Golgi Bodies

• Strux
• Stacks of flattened membrane sacs
• Funx
• Processing, packaging and distribution centers
• Molecular address labels

17
Centrioles

• Funx Help in cell division
• Located next to the nucleus
• Only found in animal cells

18
Cytoplasm, Microtubules, Microfilaments

• Cytoplasm watery material lying within the cell
  contains the organelles
• Microtubules skeleton of the cell
• Microfilaments cell movement

19
Plasma Membrane The Gate Keeper

• The Plasma Membrane separates the cell from its
  surrounding environment
• Selectively permeable
• controls the movement of materials into and out
  of the cell

20
Plant Cell
21
Chloroplasts

• Contain the green pigment, Chlorophyll
• Funx Site of photosynthesis food making
  process that uses light energy
• Only found in plants

22
Cell Wall

• Rigid structure that gives the cell its shape
• Lies outside the cell membrane composed of
  cellulose
• Found in all plant cells and most bacteria cells
  Not found in animal cells

23
Comparison of Plant, Animal andProkaryote Cells

• Animal Plant Prokaryote
• Membrane-BoundOrganelles?
• ? ? ?
• Nucleus?
• ? ? ?
• Centrioles?
• ? ? ?
• Cell Wall?
• ? ? ?
• Chloroplast?
• ? ? ?

24
Review

• What is the function of the cell membrane?
• Where in the cell is the hereditary information
  located?
• Name the function of mitochondria.
• What organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
• Which organelle is only found in animal cells?
• Name two things found in plant cells but not in
  animal cells.