Animal Health Human Health Collaboration

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Animal Health - Human Health Collaboration?

• China-Canada Livestock Health Extension Services
  Project
• NATIONAL POLICY CONFERENCE
• Beijing
• February 20-21, 2008

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Dr. Felix Li Infectious Disease and Emergency
Preparedness Branch
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Why Am I Here?
Animal Health
ZOONOSIS
Zoonosis (Zoonotic Diseases) - all diseases
naturally transmissible from animals to man
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• National Statutory Notifiable Communicable
  Diseases China
• Group A Plague, Cholera
• Group B SARS, AIDS, Viral hepatitis,
  Poliomyelitis, HPAI,
• Measles, HFRS, Rabies, Japanese encephalitis,
  Dengue fever, Anthrax, Bacillary amebic
  dysentery, TB, Typhoid fever/Paratyphoid fever,
  Meningococcal Meningitis, Pertussis, Diphtheria,
  Neonatal Tetanus, Scarlet fever, Brucellosis,
  Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Leptospirosis,
  Schistosomiasis, Malaria
• Group C Influenza, Mumps, Rubella, Acute
  hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis, Leprosy, Epidemic
  typhus/Endemic typhus, kala-azar, Echinococcosis,
  Filariasis, Infectious diarrhea

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Zoonotic Diseases

• gt 200 known zoonosis
• Bacteria, e.g. brucellosis, anthrax,
  leptospirosis, plague, bovine TB
• Parasites, e.g. echinococcosis, schistsomiasis,
• Virus, e.g. rabies, SARS, avian influenza,
  Japanese B encephalitis, hemorrhgic fever
  (hantavirus)
• Others, e.g. vCJD (Bovine spongiform
  encephalopathy-BSE)

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Zoonotic Diseases

• gt 200 known zoonosis (WHO)
• Bacteria, e.g. brucellosis, anthrax,
  leptospirosis, plague
• Parasites, e.g. schistsomiasis, echinococcosis,
• Virus, e.g. rabies, SARS, avian influenza,
  Japanese B encephalitis, hemorrhgic fever
  (hantavirus)
• Others, e.g. vCJD (Bovine spongiform
  encephalopathy-BSE)

It has been estimated that 75 of Emerging
Infectious Diseases in humans are due to zoonotic
pathogens.
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Animal Health - Human Health Collaboration - WHY?

• Effective control of zoonotic disease relies on
• active involvement of both veterinary and human
  health services.
• This dual involvement needs to take place at
  every stage, from research, organizing funding,
  planning, surveillance, creating public
  awareness, to implementing the actual control
  activities.
• (WHO/FAO/OIE Control of Neglected Zoonotic
  Diseases 2005)

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• (C)
• Human Case Reporting Surveillance
• Infection Control
• Public Health Measures
• ?Human H5N1Influenza Vaccination

AVIAN INFLUENZA AND INFLUENZA PANDEMIC
H5N1 infections in HUMANS

• (C)
• Human Case Reporting Surveillance
• Infection Control
• Public Health Measures
• ?Human H5N1Influenza Vaccination

H5N1 infections in poultry /birds
H5N1 outbreaks in poultry
H5N1 infections in HUMAN

INFLUENZA PANDEMIC
HUMAN infections - H5N1 with human genes
H5N1 with human genes
Reassortment (co-infection) in (a) Humans (b)
Mammals (pigs)

• (A)
• Public Education -Reporting Preventive Measures
  
• Agricultural Biosecurity
• Animal Vaccination

• (B)
• Public Education
• Animal Outbreak Reporting
  Surveillance
• Animal Outbreak Ix Control
• Public Health (Human) Measures

• (D)
• Influenza Vaccination
• Poultry/Pig interface

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Barriers to Collaboration

• (Adapted from WHO/FAO/OIE, Control of Neglected
  Zoonotic Diseases 2005)

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WHO/FAO/OIE RECOMMEND ONE HEALTH
SYSTEMbecause many zoonoses can be better
surveyed, diagnosed and controlled by considering
human and animal health together.

• development of novel, adapted joint human and
  animal health delivery systems
• that comprises both the public health and animal
  health systems as an inseparable entity on an
  equal partner basis.
• joint approach be extended to cover diagnosis
  data sharing, monitoring and surveillance
  systems training, research, interventions and
  delivery.

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Animal Health - Human Health Collaboration - WHO?
Animal Health
Human Health

• Central Government
• - Ministry of Agriculture
• (CADC, CAHEC, etc)
• Province
• Perfecture
• County
• Township
• Village

• Central Government
• - Ministry of Health
• (CCDC, etc)
• Province
• Perfecture
• County
• Township
• Village

Bringing together veterinary and medical
organizations, data and control activities at all
levels is essential if zoonotic diseases are to
be effectively dealt with.
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Animal Health - Human Health Collaboration - WHAT?

• SURVEILLANCE (Data)
• PROGRAM PLANNING
• PREVENTION ACTIVITIES
• (including Public Awareness/Education)
• CONTROL ACTIVITIES
• Research

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Animal Health - Human Health Collaboration - WHEN?

• (1) OUTBREAK
• PROGRAM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
• REGULAR COMMUNICATION

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Animal Health - Human Health Collaboration - HOW?

• DISEASE OUTBREAK COORDINATING COMMITTEE (e.g.
  AI, SARS, etc)
• (2) DISEASE (SPECIFIC) PREVENTION AND CONTROL
  WORKING GROUP (e.g. rabies, AI, etc)
• ANIMAL HEALTH HUMAN HEALTH LIAISON COMMITTEE
  (e.g. monthly, quarterly)
• (4) INFORMAL CONTACTS

AT ALL LEVELS