Diapositiva 1

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" An example of emerging diseases in Spain"
M. J. Illera Dpto. Fisiología Animal Facultad de
Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense
Madrid Spain.
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Livestock production is 40 of the total
Agricultural Production
300.000 horses
6.653.087 cows
24,9 millions of pigs
23,5 millions of sheep
3,8 millions goats
564.372.000 broilers
Agricultural production 50
2.774.000 turkyes

1,200t of fish.
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Gral direction of Livestock
Gral direction of Agriculture
General Secretary of Fishery, Livestock and
Agriculture
Gral direction of Rural development
Gral direction of Food
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Under the lightest suspiction of having the
disease call the vet.
The veterinarian of the farm has to call the vet
of the community RD 1993
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Spanish Sanitary Alert System for Animal Health
RD 1440/2001
National Committee
Service of Quick Response (SIR)
Sanitary Alert Web (RASVE)
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RASVE Committee
(Dir. MAPA CCAA LNR)
CRISIS COMITTEE Dir MAPA affected CCAA
NATIONAL CENTER OF EMERGENCY MAPA CCAA
Expertise group Center of National reference
LOCAL Center CCAA affected area
Service of quick Response Veterinarians of Gral
Direction of Livestock
OUTBREAK
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Official Veterinary services
Crisis Local Center Region, province or community
Inspector visit the suspedted farm
Clinical exams Took samples Epidemiological surver
y
MAPA NATIONAL CENTER OF EMERGENCY
Local laboratories Positive or supected
Spanish State Coordinated Plan of Veterinary
Alert RD2223/1993
CCAA outbreak
SIR
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Illness Suspected in a farm
Suspicion that the farm is inspected no
conclusion is drawn from the lab diagnosis After
a epidemiologic survey.
If an illness is suspected as art.4 of the
RD2223/1993 says a Veterinary inspector will
visit the supposedly infected farm with the
appropiate cloth for biosecurity and the vehicle
used shouldnt enter the farm
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Spanish State Coordinated Plan of Veterinary
Alert
Rapid notification to the Vet autorities. Animal
inmovilization Slaughtering of infected herd (as
soon as possible) Stringent desinfection Period
ic inspections of the farms Desinfection of the
vehicles used for transport Animal and vehicle
movement controls within the infected
areas Control of the people and products of
foreing countries
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The veterinay inspector should proceed to

• Count the animals
• Inmobilize them,
• Write the number of suspected sick or dead
  animals
• The people who live in the farm have controlled
  movements
• All the products of the farm will be inmoblized
  too. Milk, semen, garments etc
• Proceede to a clinical exam according to the
  protocol of clinic inspection
• Dead animals must be necropsied
• Make a differential diagnosis with other
  illneses that have similar symptoms

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Movement restriction
The movement of livestock is restricted
nationally. In addition, local restrictions are
imposed, so that people and vehicles are
decontaminated as they enter and leave infected
premises
Rapid culling
Animals on infected and high-risk farms are
culled.  
In areas where there is an especially high
concentration of farms with susceptible animals,
further action may also needed to prevent the
spread of disease. For example, the culling of
animals in the neighbourhood and/ or emergency
vaccination.
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Took samples according to protocol
Blood of the sick or supected animals
Serological checking of the rest of the animals
who allow the detection a 5 of prevalence with
95 of confidence
Fecal samples of supected animals
Liquid of the vesicles
All the samples will be send to the Nacional
Reference Laboratory
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Diseases of obliglatory notification
Spanish-Alert
RD 2223/93
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER
RD 1071/02
DEC 2002/106/CE
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER
RD 546/03
DEC 2003/422/CE
EQUINE PEST
RD 680/93
BLUETONGUE
RD 1220/01
NEWCASTLE DISEASE
RD 1988/93
RD 1025/93
AVIAN INFLUENZA
BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
RD 3454/00
RD 3481/00
HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA
INFECCIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS
RD 3481/00
INFECTIOUS SALMON ANAEMIA
RD 3481/00
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VESICULAR DISEASES
RD 650/94
DEC 2000/428/CE
VESICULAR STOMATITIS
RD 650/94
RINDERPEST
RD 650/94
PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS
RD 650/94
CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA
RD 650/94
RD 650/94
OVINE-CAPRINE POX
RIFT VALLEY FEVER
RD 650/94
TESCHENS DISEASES
RD 650/94
CONTAGIOUS NODULAR DERMATOSIS
RD 650/94
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Technical expertise will be made available to
organize and guide in regional and even national
training programmes, meetings, workshops for
Veterinary Services of Member Countries in every
region, as required by the regional needs.
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Latest news
3/4/07
Blue tongue in Holland 456, Belgium 695, Germany
884, France 6, Luxemburg 5. New outbreak in
Marroco, Tunizia and Italy (Sardinia) new
serotipe
16/02/2007
Classical swine fever Russia
FMD outbreak reported in Quinhai, China
07/02/2007
FMD still suspected in Mato Grosso Do Sul, Br
FMD outbreak in Malaysia
New FMD outbreak in Azuay, Ecuador
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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most
contagious diseases of mammals and has a great
potential for causing severe economic loss. It
affects cloven-hoofed animals.
AETIOLOGY Classification of the causative agent
A virus of the family Picornaviridae, genus
Aphthovirus.Seven immunologically distinct
serotypes A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3,
Asia1 Resistance to physical and chemical action
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Temperature
Preserved by refrigeration and freezing and
progressively inactivated by temperatures above
50C
pH
Inactivated by pH lt6.0 or gt9.0
Disinfectants
Inactivated by sodium hydroxide (2), sodium
carbonate (4), and citric acid (0.2). Resistant
to iodophores, quaternary ammonium compounds,
hypoclorite and phenol, especially in the
presence of organic matter
Survival
Survives in lymph nodes and bone marrow at
neutral pH, but destroyed in muscle when is pH
lt6.0 i.e. after rigor mortis. Can persist in
contaminated fodder and the environment for up to
1 month, depending on the temperature and pH
conditions
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
Hosts
Bovidae (cattle, zebus, domestic buffaloes,
yaks), sheep, goats, swine, all wild ruminants
and suidae. Camelidae (camels, dromedaries,
llamas, vicunas) have low susceptibility
Transmission

• Direct or indirect contact (droplets)
• Animate vectors (humans, etc.)
• Inanimate vectors (vehicles, implements)
• Airborne, especially temperate zones (up to 60 km
  overland and
• 300 km by sea)

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Sources of virus
Incubating and clinically affected animals
Breath, saliva, faeces, and urine milk and
semen (up to 4 days before clinical signs) Meat
and by-products in which pH has remained above
6.0 Carriers particularly cattle and water
buffalo convalescent animals and exposed
vaccinates (virus persists in the oropharynx for
up to 30 months in cattle or longer in buffalo, 9
months in sheep). African Cape buffalo are the
major maintenance host of SAT serotypes
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DIAGNOSIS
Incubation period is 2-14 days
Clinical diagnosis
Pyrexia, anorexia, shivering, reduction in milk
production for 2-3 days, then
Clinical diagnosis
after 24 hours rupture of vesicles leaving
erosions
vesicles can also occur on the mammary glands
Recovery generally occurs within 8-15 days
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Complications
tongue erosions, superinfection of lesions, hoof
deformation, mastitis and permanent impairment of
milk production, myocarditis, abortion, death of
young animals, permanent loss of weight, loss of
heat control ('panters'
Lesions
Vesicles or blisters on the tongue, dental pad,
gums, cheek, hard and soft palate, lips,
nostrils, muzzle, coronary bands, teats, udder,
snout of pigs, corium of dewclaws and
interdigital spaces
Post-mortem lesions on rumen pillars, in the
myocardium, particularly of young animals (tiger
heart)
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Prevention
the EU has stablish the erradication of these
disease by slaughtering all animals (healthy or
not) instead of vaccinating. When FMD is
confirmed the NCE will be inclined to vaccinate
in case of emergency with the help of the local
affected centers.
Plan Coordinado Estatal de Alerta Sanitaria
Veterinaria