Final Exam Review

1
Final Exam Review

• CMUN 5

2

• What is Communication?

3
Communication is The Transfer of Meaning

• It is the deliberate or accidental transfer of
  meaning
• Did you see how he looked at me?
• Communication occurs whenever someone observes or
  experiences behavior and attributes (attaches)
  meaning to that behavior
• Communication is our link to the rest of humanity
• Communication is a dynamic, always changing
  process
• You cannot not communicate

4
What is a symbol?
5
Communication is

• a process by which information is exchanged
  between individuals through a common system of
  symbols, signs, or behavior (Websters
  Dictionary)
• Symbol alphabet
• Sign wave of the hand
• Behavior acting out ideas/beliefs

6

• What do the terms context and contextual mean?

7
Communication is

• Context A situation, environment
• Contextual we behave appropriately in a given
  situation or environment

8
What is the Self Image?
9
What is the Self Image?

• It is the person you perceive yourself to be!

10

• What is The Grapevine

11

• The Grapevine is (choose one)
• A type of informal conversation network

12
Listening vs. Hearing

• How is listening different from hearing?

13
Listening vs. Hearing

• Hearing is automatic
• no conscious effort
• Listening is a deliberate process
• acquired complex skills
• Who we are affects what we listen to
• When do we really listen? Why?

14
What are the five levels of listening and which
takes the least/most effort?
15
Listening Levels
16

• What is Small Group Communication?

17

• What is Small Group Communication?
• Interaction among a small group of people who
  share a common purpose or goal, who feel a sense
  of belonging to the group, and who exert
  influence on one another

18

• What are the types of small groups?

19

• What are the types of small groups?
• Primary Fulfills basic needs
• Family
• Friends
• Secondary To accomplish a task/goal
• Problem Solving/Decision Making
• Study
• Therapy/Self Help
• Committee

20

• What is Monroes motivated sequence

21
A Framework for Persuasive Speaking

• Monroes motivated sequence
• Attention
• Need
• Satisfaction/Solution
• Visualization of benefits/solution
• Action/support proposal

22

• What are the leadership styles as mentioned in
  lecture and textbook?
• -Define behaviors of each style

23
Leadership Styles

• Autocratic/controller
• Laissez-faire
• Democratic leadership
• Type X The Performer
• Type Y The Transformer
• Task vs. Maintenance

24

• What are the leadership theories as mentioned in
  lecture and textbook?
• -Define behaviors of each style

25
Theory

• Traits/Leadership
• Situational leadership
• Systems Theory
• Functional Theory of Leadership
• Rules Theory

26
What are Aristotle's 3 Proofs?
27
ARISTOTLES THREE PERSUASIVE PROOFS

• ETHOS Speaker Credibility
• Competence
• Goodwill
• Character
• LOGOS Logical Appeal/Reasoning
• Drawing conclusions from evidence
• Inductive vs. Deductive
• PATHOS Emotional Appeal
• Appeals to the listeners needs, wants, desires,
  etc.

28
Using the Stages of Relationships, at which
stage do friends become a couple?
29
Stages of Relationships

• Stage 1 Initiating contact is first made
• Stage 2 Experimenting probe the unknown
• Stage 3Intensifying become good friends
• Stage 4 Integrating identified as a couple
• Stage 5 Bonding make a formal commitment
• Stage 6 Differentiating seek to retain a
  unique identity
• Stage 7 Circumscribing quality/quantity of
  communication decreases
• Stage 8 Stagnating communication is at a
  standstill
• Stage 9 Avoiding intentionally avoid contact
• Stage 10 Termination relationship ends

30
T/F

• All kinds of human responses not spoken are
  called nonverbal communication

31
TRUE

• All kinds of human responses not spoken are
  called nonverbal communication

32

• What are the parts of the Communication Model
  define each

33
Model of Communication
34
T/F

• Communication is linear, not tranactional

35
FALSE

• Communication is transactional, not linear

36
T/F

• MYGLO is an acronym for might you get limited
  opportunity"

37
FALSE

• MYGLO is an acronym for my eyes glaze over"

38
T/F

• Individualistic cultures value individual
  recognition and rights more than group or team
  recognition and rights while Collectivist
  Cultures recognize the group over the individual
  rights.

39
TRUE

• Individualistic cultures value individual
  recognition and rights more than group or team
  recognition and rights while Collectivist
  Cultures recognize the group over the individual
  rights.

40
T/F

• Chronological order divides material into a
  series of appropriate topics

41
Ordering Your Ideas

• Chronological order
• Develops an idea or problem in the order in which
  it occurred

42
T/F

• Cause/Effect order gives ideas in a cause/effect
  manner

43
Ordering Your Ideas

• Cause-and-effect order
• Categorizes a topic according to its causes and
  effects

44
T/F

• Topical order describes an object, person or
  phenomenon as it exists in space

45
Ordering Your Ideas

• Topical order
• Divides material into a series of appropriate
  topics

46
T/F

• Spatial order describes things geographically

47
Ordering Your Ideas Chapter 15
Exam topic

• Chronological order
• Develops an idea or problem in the order in which
  it occurred
• Spatial order
• Describes an object, person or phenomenon as it
  exists in space
• Cause-and-effect order
• Categorizes a topic according to its causes and
  effects
• Problem-and-solution order
• Determines what problems are, and presents
  solutions
• Topical order
• Divides material into a series of appropriate
  topics

48

• What are the types of conflict?

49

• What are the types of conflict?
• Pseudo Misunderstanding
• Needs clarification of perceptions
• Ego Individual believes being attacked or
  personalities clash
• Employ active listening
• Express concerns freely
• Simple Disagreement over action to take
• Listen clarify

50
What is an Interview?

• Define the term interview

51
What is an Interview?

• Interview the most common type of purposeful,
  planned, decision-making, person-to-person
  communication
• Designed to achieve specific objectives
• Interaction is structured
• Give and receive information in order to make
  educated decisions
• Should ideally be a balanced exchange

52
What is an Interview?

• What are the types of interviews?

53
Types of Interviews

• Variety of interviewing purposes
• Information-Gathering to collect information,
  opinions, or data
• Appraisal interviewees performance is assessed
  by interviewer
• Persuasive to change the interviewees
  attitudes or behavior
• Exit to determine why the match between
  employer and employee did not work, or why
  employee is leaving
• Counseling to provide guidance and support for
  the individual being interviewed
• Hiring for the purpose of filling an employment
  position

54
What are the types of questions used in an
interview?
55
The Heart of the Interview

• Questions
• Closed questions
• Highly structured with yes or no answers, or a
  few brief words
• Do you like computers?
• Does that hurt?
• Did you take that cookie?

56
The Heart of the Interview

• Questions
• Open questions
• Offer interviewee more freedom with regard to
  choice and scope of answer
• Why did you do that?
• How was the movie?
• Where did you go?
• Who was there?
• What did you eat?
• When are you coming in?

57
The Heart of the Interview

• Questions
• Primary questions
• Used to introduce topics or explore a new area
• Tell me about your former employer
• Secondary questions
• Probing questions that follow up primary
  questions
• Ask for an explanation
• You said you had a personality difference with
  Tom. Describe that difference to me, and why you
  believe it existed between the two of you.

58
Speaking Persuasively

• Define the following terms
• Attitude
• Belief
• Value
• Which is the least likely to change over time?

59
Speaking Persuasively

• Attitude A learned predisposition
• response favorable/unfavorable
• Our likes and dislikes change easily
• Our beliefs or values harder to change.
• Belief The degree of confidence
• Perception of true or false.
• highly central a beliefs hard to change
• Value An enduring conception of right or wrong,
  good or bad.
• least likely to change over time.

60

• What is a nonverbal communication?
• What are the functions of nonverbal communication?

61
Nonverbal Communication and its Functions

• Message Reinforcement
• Message Negation
• Message Substitution
• Message Accentuation
• Message Regulation

• Nonverbal communication is perpetual and,
  frequently, involuntary

62

• What is a paralanguage?

63
Paralanguage

• Paralanguage vocal cues that accompany language
• Pitch
• Habitual pitch
• Volume
• Rate
• Pauses
• Nonfluencies
• Silence

64
Space and distance

• What are the four distances we use to
  communicate?
• How do we use space to communicate?

65
Space and Distance

• Distances
• Intimate 0-18 inches
• Personal 18 inches to 4 ft.
• Social 4 to 12 ft.
• Public 12 ft. to limit of sight
• Spaces
• Informal highly mobile and can be quickly
  changed
• Semifixed-feature the use of objects to create
  distance
• Fixed-feature relatively permanent objects to
  define the environment around us

66
Gender, Culture and Relationships

• Men and women differ in what ways?

67
Gender, Culture and Relationships

• Men and women differ in their
• attitudes regarding their future relationships
• behavior during the preliminary relationship
  stages
• values of intimate relationships

68
Gender, Culture and Relationships

• How do different cultures emphasize different
  things?

69
Gender, Culture and Relationships

• Different cultures emphasize different things
• Social relationships give preference to the
  interests of others over their own, and value
  long-lasting relationships
• Individualism give preference to individual
  interests, and find it natural to begin and end
  relationships

70

• What are the parts of the outline?
• How much time (percentage) should each part use?

71
15
75
10
72

• What is the Principle of Redundancy?

73
Designing Your Speech Organizing Your Ideas

• Base organization on the principle of redundancy
• Introduction - tell them what you are going to
  tell them
• Body - tell them
• Conclusion - tell them what you have told them

74
What is a red herring?
75
Ethical Reasoning vs. Reasoning Fallacies

• Red Herring using an irrelevant issue or
  distraction to divert the focus to another issue
  (think of a BAD smell)

76
What is Argumentum ad Populum?
77
Ethical Reasoning vs. Reasoning Fallacies

• Ethical speakers do not use reasoning fallacies
• Argumentum ad Hominem old fashion name calling,
  or an attack on the person and not the issue in
  question
• Red Herring using an irrelevant issue or
  distraction to divert the focus to another issue
  (think of a BAD smell)
• False Division/Dichotomy Polarization of
  options, when in reality there exists many
  options of choice.
• Post Hoc (False Cause) Identification of an
  issue as the cause of another problem, when there
  is not relationship
• Argumentum ad Populum (bandwagon) But,
  everyone is doing it! An appeal to popular
  opinion
• Argumentum ad Verecudiam Appeal to authority,
  or the testimony of someone who is not a true
  expert

78

• What are the four speaking methods?

79
Four Speaking Methods

• Manuscript
• Memorized
• Impromptu
• Extemporaneous

80
What are the Types of Sources?
81
Types of Sources

• Primary
• Actual document
• Diary
• Movie
• Newspaper article
• Music
• Autobiography

• Secondary
• Report about actual document
• Biography
• History Book

82

• Define
• Informative speaking
• Persuasive speaking

83

• The Speech to Inform

• Your primary goal or purpose when speaking to
  inform is to share knowledge with others in order
  to create mutual understanding- not to persuade
  us in any way

• Persuasive speaking to change or reinforce the
  attitudes, beliefs, values, and/or behaviors
• And motivate to action.

84
What are the Types of Persuasive Speeches?
85
Types of Persuasive Speeches

• Proposition of Fact
• What is or what is not
• It is a scientifically proven fact that our
  world is experiencing global warming.
• Proposition of Value
• The worth of an idea, person, or object
• Capital punishment is an appropriate penalty for
  truly horrific crimes.
• Proposition of Policy
• What ought to be
• There ought to be a law against it!

86
What is the Role of Critical Thinking?
87
The Role of Critical Thinking

• A careful thought process
• Evaluation of the believability of the spoken
  message
• Examine the evidence
• Is it worth retaining or acting upon?

88

• Thats it!