PHARMACOLOGY and CHARTING

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PHARMACOLOGY and CHARTING

• Radiographer must be knowledgeable about
  medications given before, during ,after procedures

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OTC and Prescription

• What is the difference between OTC drugs and
  prescription drugs?
• Over-the-counter drugs
• treats condition does not require the direct
  supervision of doctor
• proven to be reasonably safe and well-tolerated
• Little chance for abuse
• Benadryl and Claritin

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• Prescription is a legal document
• Instructs preparation and use of medicine or
  device
• Indicates prescriber takes responsibility for
  care and outcomes to patient

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• Standing Order
• Written directions for specific med. or
  procedure
• Used under specific conditions in order
• Name, amount, time and pt instruction sheet
• Cathartic (strong laxative)

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Drug Action

• Agonist
• Drug binds to receptors on specific cells or
  tissues
• Produces an effect
• Sedatives and tranquilizers ( Valium, Versed)

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• Antagonists
• Drug binds with receptor sites
• Prevent an action from happening
• Blocking drugs
• Counteracts effects
• Needed to reverse respiratory depression

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Drug Classification

• System used to identify drugs
• Classified by Name, Action, Prescription/
  Non-prescription
• Chemical name- birth of drug
• Generic Name- becomes available, now can be made
  by several companies
• Trade or Brand name- company name ( given by
  manufacturer)

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Terms

• Pharmacology
• Pharmacokinetics
• Intravenous Therapy
• Conscious Sedation

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• Blood Brain Barrier
• Hypertonic Solution
• Hypotonic Solution
• Osmolality

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Routes

• Local Medication
• Specific site
• Route- direct injection
• Purpose- reduction of sensation in surrounding
  area
• Used before procedure

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Routes

• Systemic Medications
• Wide variety of effects
• Used before, during and after procedure and to
  counter act during emergencies
• 4 Major Routes of Administration
• Oral, rectal, sublingual, parenteral(
  administered by route other than GI tract,
  usually by injection)

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Parenteral Medication Administration

• Considered invasive- standard precautions used
• Intravenousvein
• Intradermaldermis between 2 layers of skin
• Intrathecalsubdural,subarachnoid
• Subcutaneous under the skin
• Intramuscular--muscle

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Drug Administration

• There are 6 rights of drug administration
• Right patient
• Right drug
• Right dosage
• Right time
• Right route
• Right documentation

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Frequently Used Medications

• 1. Cardiac Medications (Antiarrhythmics)
• Modify the rhythm or BP in the heart
• Usually less stable and acute problems can
  happen sooner
• 2. Anticoagulant
• Blood thinner
• Careful of fall potential

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• 3. Analgesic
• Medications prescribed most
• Relieve pain w/o LOC
• Can be respiratory depressant
• 4. Antidepressants
• 5. Chemotherapy Agents
• Care must be taken so healthcare worker does not
  come in contact with these- carcinogens

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• 6. Sedatives and Tranquilizers
• 7. Paralytic Agents
• Muscle relaxant
• All muscles in body temporarially paralyzed
• Pt. still concious
• Succinylchlorine Chloride
• 8. Antimcobials- antiseptics for skin prep
• 9. Anticonvulsants- for seizure patients

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Reaction Treatments

• Allergic Reaction Treatments
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) antihistamine
• Given before exam for prevention
• Oral. IM or IV if patient has reaction
• Cortisone given also
• Acute reactions
• Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
• Given subcutaneously, IM or IV
• Controls edema, shock and respiratory distress

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• No response to theseMethylprednisolone
  (Solu-Medrol) by IV
• Corticosteroid acts as anti-inflammatory
• Reduces edema of tracheobronchial tree
• Trying to prevent respiratory arrest
• Provided as powder and a fluid in 2 separate
  vials
• Must be mixed together before administration

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CHARTING

• Patients medical chart is medical record that
  belongs to hospital
• Accurate, chronological history of events
• All healthcare workers rely on its input and
  accuracy

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• Charts Arrangement
• Summary sheet
• Legal consents and advanced directions
• History and physical exam sheet
• Problem list
• Physicians orders, progress notes
• Graphic records, lab results and test results
• Consultations

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Charting Medications

• If medication given, must be documented
• Information required
• Time of day
• Name of drug
• Dosage
• Route of administration
• ID of person who charted it
• ( not initials)
• Cross out mistakesdo not erase