Europe Reference

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Europe Reference
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Landscape

• European lowlands
• Alpine mountain systems
• Central uplands
• Western highlands
• Mediterannean coast
• Europe encircled by ring of seas, channels, and
  straits
• rivers are site of major port cities

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Europe Physical
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The European Lowland
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Climates

• marine west coast climate
• cool, cloudy summers mild winters
• continental climates
• at least 1 mo. w. ave. temp. below freezing
• Mediterranean climates
• dry summers, wet winters
• tundra climate
• frozen most of year
• highland climates
• Alps and upland regions

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Language and Religion

• 90 of Europeans speak languages of the
  IndoEuropean family
• Europe is dominantly Christian Catholic,
  Protestant, and Orthodox branches
• Islam practiced in parts of the Balkans, legacy
  of Ottoman influence
• 6 mil. European Jews killed during Nazi Holocaust
• in W Europe today, secularization has gained
  ground, and influence of church is weak

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European Languages
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European Religions
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Industrial Revolution

• Europe was birthplace of industrial revolution
  (around 1730), with innovations in textile
  industry
• Europe's industrial centers benefited from
  proximity to coal and iron ore and/or to rivers,
  coastlines
• land became concentrated in the hands of few
  large-scale farmers, increasing the push to
  urbanization

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20th Century History

• European nationalism led to two world wars
• following World War II US/Soviet tensions led to
  cold war, Europe was divided
• cold war came to an end in 1990 with collapse of
  communism and disintegration of Soviet Union
• Germany reunified
• Yugoslavia lapsed into civil warfare ended only
  after intervention by NATO

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Population

• densely populated in industrial areas, 2 axes Po
  Valley-London Prague-London
• low and even negative rates of natural increase
• migrant populations have swelled to meet demand
  for labor this in turn has caused resentment by
  Europeans
• most European populations are highly urbanized

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Europe Population
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Europe Immigration
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Urbanization

• European cities reflect past growth
• midieval features
• narrow, winding streets, antiquated plumbing and
  heating, small, cramped rooms few open spaces
  except around churches, public buildings, and
  market centers
• Renaissance features
• open and spacious landscapes, expansive
  ceremonial buildings, wide boulevards surrounded
  by poorer housing
• industrial features
• factories, tenements, rail terminals, apartment
  houses, shopping malls, office buildings, middle
  class housing

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Global Culture in Europe
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Economy Today

• in 1952 6 nations in W Europe united this later
  became expanded to form the European Community
  (1973), and the European Union (1991)
• E Europe lags economically behind other parts of
  Europe
• causes include distance from markets less
  abundant coal, iron, and oil resources severe
  winters and problems related to communist
  economies

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Europe Environmental