CSREES Animal Protection Portfolio: The Last 5 Years

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CSREES Animal Protection Portfolio The Last 5
Years Recent Program Review Gary Sherman,
National Program Leader (Veterinary
Science)Peter Johnson, National Program Leader
(Animal Health)
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CSREES Animal Health Veterinary Medicine
National Program Leaders
CSREES Animal Health Veterinary Medicine
National Program Leaders
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Whats to come

• What is CSREES role in Animal Health ?
• What does the portfolio look like ?
• What has it accomplished ?

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CSREES Animal Systems Vision

• A vibrant, globally competitive,
  technologically advanced, and consumer driven
  American animal agriculture industry that is
  based on and supported by high quality,
  innovative, and relevant research, extension and
  educational programs provided by USDA through
  partnerships with universities and the private
  sector, as well as the in-house research programs
  of the Department.

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CSREES 5 Unique Roles

• Support college/university/diagnostic laboratory
  infrastructure provide land-grant institutions
  veterinary colleges/departments of veterinary
  science small-scale animal protection research
  funds (Formula Funds cooperative agreements)
• Solicit basic applied research, education, and
  extension proposals from all U.S. institution
  types, including Federal laboratories and private
  industry and support the best science and
  training through competitive peer review and
  larger awards (Competitive Funds)

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CSREES 5 Unique Roles

• Stimulate interstate cooperation for targeted
  animal diseases and well-being through multistate
  committees multimillion dollar Coordinated
  Agricultural Project (CAP) competitive awards
  (Formula Funds and Competitive Funds)
• Focus funds on targeted diseases and national
  programs of state and regional importance
  (Special Grants and Critical Issues Funds)
• Serve as the federal link to the veterinary
  extension and education infrastructure to
  disseminate timely and pertinent animal health
  information (Formula Funds)

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Whats to come

• What is CSREES role in Animal Health ?
• What does the portfolio look like ?
• What has it accomplished ?

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Animal Protection Research Funding (CSREES) M
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Investment (1999-2003)

• 75 invested in infectious non-infectious
  diseases
• Emerging, re-emerging, high impact diseases such
  as TB, Brucellosis, FMD, Bovine Respiratory
  Disease Complex, Mastitis, BVD, Johnes, E. coli,
  BT, Influenza, END, Mareks Disease, Avian
  leukosis, PEMS, PRRS, PMWS, Salmonella,
  Mycoplasma, WNV, Rhodococcus equi, Laminitis,
  TSEs , etc.

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Investment (1999-2003)

• 10 on internal external parasitesSuch as
  Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Nematodes-
  Haemonchus, Ticks, Biting Flies, Lice
• 5 on naturally occurring toxins (e.g.,
  mycotoxins), poisonous plants, toxic chemicals
• 10 Animal Well-being/ behavior

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Animal Health Scope
Diverse Commodities

• Poultry
• Beef Dairy Cattle
• Swine
• Sheep
• Goats

• Farmed aquatic species,
• Horses
• Wildlife (impacting livestock)

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Animal Health Scope

• Science Balance
• Bacteriology, virology, immunology, parasitology,
  epidemiology, economics, toxicology, behavior,
  ethics, education, physiology, pathology,
  mycology, pharmacology, nutrition, biochemistry,
  statistics, engineering
• Basic (molecular cellular biology/genomics)
  applied (field studies/ educational outreach
  programs)
• Individual multi-disciplinary approaches
• Single multi-institutional/states

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CSREES Partners

• All institutions of higher education with animal
  programs
• Commodity industry groups
• Other Federal, State, and Local agencies
• Professional organizations
• Consumer organizations

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Strong Partnership with ARS

• Frequent email / Calls / Meetings (MD/DC)
• Participation in each others workshops
• ARS Vet Immunology Workshop (2003) ? Critical
  lack of veterinary reagents ? ARS/CSREES/AAVI ?
  CSREES uses competitive programs to request Vet
  Immunological Reagent consortia proposal ?
  ARS/APHIS/CSREES/AAVI ? Now a recommendation to
  support a proposal.
• Joint ARS/CSREES workshops
• 2001 - ARS CSREES reported backhow working
  together for animal Ag
• This workshop! (2005)

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Alignment with ARS priorities

• Pathogen Detection and Diagnostics
• Animal Immunology
• Microbial Genomics
• Mechanism of Disease
• Genetic Resistance to Disease
• Epidemiology of Disease
• Strategies to Control Infectious and
  Non-Infectious Disease 

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Alignment with APHIS priorities
CSREES projects in APHIS 2005 research
priorities

• Tuberculosis
• Brucellosis
• Bluetongue
• TSEs (CWD, Scrapie, BSE)
• Johne's Disease
• Spring Viremia of Carp
• Infectious Salmon Anemia
• Equine Piroplasmosis
• Newcastle Disease Virus

• Classical Swine Fever
• PRRS
• PMWS
• Swine Influenza
• Salmonellosis
• Avian Influenza
• Avian Pneumovirus
• Antimicrobials
• Pseudorabies
• FMD
• Ticks

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Alignment with APHIS priorities

• APHIS Animal Identification Plan
• CSREES part of National Animal Identification
  Development Team (State-Federal-Industry)
• Participate in developing RFAs for Cooperative
  Service Agreements (11.6M FY 2004 APHIS )
• Executive Summary and national brochure
  development

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Other CSREES Federal Alliances

• Agriculture Multi-Agency Coordinating (AgMAC)
  Committee for END
• Inter-Departmental Committee to Develop National
  CWD Management Plan
• Federal Inter-Agency Working Group on Prion
  Science
• White House Committee on Science, National
  Science and Technology Council
• 11 participating federal agencies

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National Animal Plant Diagnostic Laboratory
Networks
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NAHLN

• Mission
• Provides accessible, timely, accurate, and
  consistent animal disease laboratory services
  nationwide
• Provides laboratory data to meet epidemiological
  and disease reporting needs
• Maintains the capacity and capability to provide
  laboratory services in support of early diagnosis
  and response to foreign animal disease outbreaks
  or other adverse animal health events (including
  bioterrorism events).
• Focuses on diseases of livestock (including
  exotic, zoonotic, and emerging diseases), but
  includes diseases of all animals

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NAHLN Operational Objectives

• Standardized, rapid diagnostic techniques
• Secure communication, alert, reporting system
• Trained personnel, modern equipment
• Quality standards, proficiency testing
• Adequate facility biosafety/biosecurity levels
• Surge capacity
• Scenario testing

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Founding Laboratories 2002-2003
DECEMBER 2004
MARCH 2005
SEPTEMBER 2005
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(No Transcript)
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Targeted Coordination

• 12 Multi-state research projects
• Control of emerging re-emerging poultry
  respiratory diseases in the US
• Evolving pathogens, targeted sequences,
  strategies for control of bovine respiratory
  diseases
• Enteric diseases of swine cattle prevention,
  control food safety
• Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome
  (PRRS) Mechanisms of disease methods for the
  detection, protection, elimination of PRRS
  virus

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Targeted Coordination

• 12 Multi-state research projects
• 5. Genetic basis for resistance immunity to
  avian diseases
• Mastitis resistance to enhance dairy food safety
• Genetic functional genomic approaches to
  improve production quality of pork
• Management systems to improve the economic
  environmental sustainability of dairy
  enterprises

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Targeted Coordination

• 12 Multi-state research projects
• Integrated methods of parasite control for
  improved livestock production
• Water Quality issues in poultryproduction
  processing
• Mycotoxins in cereal grains
• Animal health advisory committee

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Whats to come

• What is CSREES role in Animal Health ?
• What does the portfolio look like ?
• What has it accomplished ?

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Impacts on Multiple Levels

• Research funding fills key knowledge gaps
  (pathogen biology, host-pathogen interactions,
  immunology, non-infectious disease etiology and
  control, epidemiology and ecology)
• Products
• peer reviewed publications
• patents, licenses
• vaccines, diagnostics, treatments
• policy development
• open the way for the piloting of new management
  strategies.

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Impacts on Multiple Levels

• Education programs support the training of the
  next generation's animal health workforce.
• Products
• New curricula materials
• (including instruction delivery systems that
  address diverse student learning
  abilities)
• Training
• (undergraduates, graduates postdoctoral
  fellows through Fellowships Scholarships)
• Experiential learning opportunities for
  veterinary students
• (gain exposure to laboratory settings high
• need areas such as food animal practice)

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Impacts on Multiple Levels

• Extension programs rapid wide-spread
  dissemination of research results other high
  impact information to implement new management
  strategies or respond to crisis
• Products
• Referred publications, lay articles
• Websites
• training courses
• presentations at conferences and meetings
• identification of research gaps
• emergency outreach response

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Impacts

• National Animal Health Laboratory Network
• Training diagnostic personnel to improve service
  capabilities
• Expanding standardized rapid/sensitive testing
  capabilities
• Improving the nations Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-3
  capability
• Assuring quality standards and proficiency
  testing
• Improving communications to share data
• 12 pilot laboratories and 32 other laboratories
  funded by APHIS, provide surveillance testing in
  37 states for
• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
• Exotic Newcastle Disease
• Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
• Chronic Wasting Disease

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Impact

• NEW product to detect EARLY lameness in cattle,
  incl. limb (Lameness Detection Technology patent
  UMD UDE) undergoing field testing on commercial
  dairy farms in WI and PA by Bou-Matic, LLC

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Impact

• NEW vaccine developed for Staphylococcal mastitis
  using detoxified toxin
• (UID, WSU, Seoul NU)

• US patent LG Life Sci. Ltd. Licensed (2004)
• Antigen expressed in edible vaccines (patent
  pending)
• NIH collaborators using technology for conjugate
• vaccines for human meningitis

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CSU PIADC Foot Mouth Disease in North
American Wildlife Susceptibility, transmission,
carrier/shedder potential mitigation strategies
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Impact

• NEW diagnostic for swine influenza A viruses
  (UWI)
• Use of real-time reverse transcriptase
  polymerase chain reaction assay and cell culture
  methods for detection of swine influenza A
  viruses (AJVR Vol. 66, No. 1, 2005, 119-124)

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Impact
NEW management recommendation (NCSU)

• Equine intestinal repair research showed
  inhibition of prostaglandin production (by drugs
  such as flunixin meglumine) impairs repair
• Veterinarians advised use non-steroidal
  anti-Inflammatory drugs cautiously in horses with
  intestinal injury until safer alternative
• Practical Horseman, Equus, The Horse

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Impact
REVISED OIE Sanitary Code for Bluetongue (1998/99)

• BT research at UC-Davis
• Helped justify 3rd International Bluetongue
  Symposium (2003)
• Symposium conclusions basis for proposed
  revisions to current OIE Sanitary Code

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Impact
EXCITING MDV mutant with potential as new
generation vaccine (UDE)

• Using genomics to study Mareks Disease
• MDV latency associated transcripts (LATs)
  identified
• Herpes virus of turkeys LATS identified and
  compared to LATs of MDV
• MDV mutant with defective LAT promoter isolated
  and found to be NONoncogenic

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Impact
Microbial Genome Sequencing 18
pathogens ( 6.7M)

• Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (University of
  Oklahoma Health Sciences Center)
• Anaplasma marginale (Washington State University
  ARS)
• Bordetella avium (Drew University/ Sanger Center,
  UK)
• Dichelobacter nodosus (University of Arizona)
• Edwardsiella ictaluri (Mississippi State
  University)
• Hemophilus somnus (Virginia Polytechnic Institute
  and State University)
• Lawsonia intracellularis (University of
  Minnesota)
• Mannheimia haemolytica (Baylor College of
  Medicine)
• Moraxella bovis (Baylor College of Medicine)
• Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
  (University of Minnesota ARS)
• Neospora caninum- Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)
  only (University of Washington)
• Pasteurella multocida- non-toxigenic swine
  isolate (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences
  Center)
• Pasteurella multocida- turkey strain (University
  of Minnesota Minnesota Turkey Growers
  Association)
• Renibacterium salmoninarum (Northwest Fisheries
  Science Center, NOAA)
• Salmonella dublin Salmonella choleraesuis
  Salmonella pullorum (University of Illinois)
• Staphylococcus aureus- dairy mastitis strain
  (University of Minnesota NIH)

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Impact

• SIGNIFICANT Training of graduate postdoctoral
  students (including new industry recruits)
• Competitive programs supported 236 students
  in animal health (1999-2003)
• Experiential learning programs for veterinary
  students in research labs, food animal medicine
  (Cornell, KSU/SDSU, UMN)

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Impact

• NEW Curriculum

• Internet based Problem List Generator for
  diagnostic problem solving skills for pathology
  students (www.fdi.vt.edu/plg) (VPISUISU,UWI,UC-Da
  vis)
• Exotic Emerging Diseases of Animals An
  Internet Course for Veterinary Students
  (ISUUC-DavisUGA)

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Impact

• Bioterrorism Awareness Education Zoonotic Disease
  Training for Veterinarians (ISU) (2002 2003)
• Training for all extension veterinariansand all
  50 state associations
• EDEN (Ext. Disaster Ed. Network) established in
  1995 (www.eden.lsu.edu)
• Access to all 3150 US counties, connected to
  veterinary extension

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Impacts

• Bovine Respiratory Disease Multi-State Research
  Committee
• Presented entire 2 ½ day symposium to Academy of
  Veterinary Consultants
• Applied Bovine Reproductive Strategies
  Multi-State Extension Committee
• 2 sessions 260 producers technology impact on
  more than 3.5M US beef cattle
• Part of 2005 NCBA Cattlemens College
• Also incorporated biosecurity animal ID

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NEW DIRECTIONS
Why your input at this workshop is very important
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Tighter Focus of Agency Resources

• Focusing competitive funds into fewer animal
  health priority areas
• Input requested from gt60 organizations(profession
  al associations, scientific colleges, trade
  commodity, federal, state partners)
  Re-evaluated annually
• Some areas/diseases EXCLUDED

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NRI Animal Protection Program

• 3 diseases/commodity (swine poultry
  aquaculture equine)
• 4 diseases for ruminants
• FADs
• Livestock-wildlife interface
• Immunology (non-disease specific)

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Animal Biosecurity Program

• 4M annual budget from CSREES-NRI
• Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) for
  specific problem or issue
• Multi-institutional / Multi-disciplinary
• Research, education, extension
• International

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Coordinated Agricultural Projects

• Community Products
• Roadmaps including gap analysis
• Standardized protocols
• (e.g., diagnostics, vaccine trials, genetic
  resistance studies)
• Sample Repositories databases
• Genomics/proteomics tools services (e.g.,
  mutants arrays clone sets immunological
  typing bioinformatics)
• Extension communication programs (e.g.,
  training tools, demonstrations, conferences, CE,
  publications, websites)

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Coordinated Agricultural Projects

• Leverage, Coordinate Partner project resources
  with other initiatives in Academia, Industry,
  Federal State Agencies, Other Countries
• Fill critical knowledge gaps (pathogen biology
  host/pathogen interactions epidemiology
  effective communication strategies), including
  exploration of some high-risk approaches
• Pilot new disease control strategies tools
  (vaccines diagnostics detection systems
  preventatives producer outreach programs)

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3 Animal Biosecurity Coordinated Agricultural
Projects

• Johnes Disease4.4M/ 2004-2006(www.jdip.org)
• PRRS Virus4.4M/ 2004-2006(now
  www.porkboard.org/prrs)(soon www.prrs.org)
• Avian Influenza 5M/ 2005-2007
• (www.agnr.umd.edu/aicap)

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Avian Influenza

• 18 funded states
• Academia, industry, federal state partners
• 8 non-funded institutional collaborators

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AI Objectives

• Molecular basis for emergence of influenza A in
  chickens turkeys (adaptation from wild
  aquatics co-infections)
• a) Virus evolution/ surveillance
• Live Bird Markets (CA,MN,NY)
• 4 major flyways - migratory non-migratory birds
• b) Education/ biosecurity programs
• Diagnostics vaccines

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AI Coordination

• DHS National Center for Animal Zoonotic
  Disease Defense
• Executive Committee UMD OH St. Univ.
  USDA-ARS UC-Davis Auburn Univ.
• HHS-CDC
• External Stakeholder Advisory Board
  USDA-APHIS US Poultry Egg Export Council
  United Egg Producers National Turkey
  Federation National Chicken Council
  American Association Avian Pathologists
  Pilgrims Pride Corp. UPenn UMN UT St. U.
• Scientific Advisory Board USDA-ARS
  NIH-NIAID Perdue Farms Erasmus University-
  Netherlands US Poultry Egg Association

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THANK YOU!
Everything is OK at the end. If its not OK, its
not the end. -Anonymous